РОЗРОБКА КОНСТРУКЦІЇ МЕХАНІЗМУ АВТОМАТИЗОВАНОГО ВІДБОРУ І ПОДАЧІ ЖИВЦІВ У САДЖАЛКАХ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИХ КУЛЬТУР
Ключові слова:
енергетичні культури, енергетична верба, саджалка, автомат подачі, машина для садіння, живці.
Анотація
Одним із перспективних напрямів розвитку біоенергетики є вирощування енергетичної сировини на плантаціях швидкорослих деревних порід, зокрема, верб, тополь та інших культур, здатних до легкого відновлення надземної частини після її зрізання. У статті проаналізовано сучасні тенденції вирішення проблеми швидкого нарощування площ насаджень енергетичної верби і виявлено, що одним з чинників, що гальмують процес є недостатнє опрацювання автоматизації технологічних процесів. Зокрема, зростання продуктивності агрегатів для садіння гальмує потреба в більшості технічних рішень використання праці саджальника. В роботі встановлено емпіричне завдання розробити автоматизовану саджалку для рослин, що висаджуються здерев’янілими живцями. Для розробки механізму, що забезпечить безперебійне і рівномірне надходження живців до сошника саджалки, було проведено аналіз існуючих технічних рішень. Окремі параметри знаходились експериментальним шляхом, в результаті чого було виявлено оптимальні кути нахилу стінок щілинного бункера, раціональну ширину вивантажувального вікна, що забезпечуватиме повне і безупинне вивантаження живців при відсутності дії на них сторонніх сил (коливання, вібрації, тощо) і з ними. На основі проведених попередніх досліджень було синтезовано ряд рішень, які були використані при розробці нової конструкції механізму вивантаження живців. Розроблена конструкція механізму автоматизованої подачі живців у машині для садіння енергетичної верби захищена патентом і втілена у однорядній секції, робота якої була апробована в польових умовах. Такий механізм дозволяє звести ручну працю саджальника до завантаження щілинного бункера попередньо орієнтованими в один бік живцями, що, залежно від об’єму щілинного бункера, можна здійснювати на кінцях гону. Отримані у роботі результати можуть у подальшому слугувати для уточнення й вдосконалення машин, що працюють з поштучним відбором стержнеподібних матеріалів.
Посилання
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22. Lys, S.S. (2009). Ohliad tekhnolohii hazyfikatsii derevyny [Review of wood gasification technology]. Naukovyi visnyk NLTU Ukrainy [Scientific Bulletin of the National Technical University of Ukraine]. Lviv (in Ukrainian).
23. Mao, H., Han, L., Hu, J., Kumi, F. (2014). Development of a pincette-type pick-up device for automatic transplanting of greenhouse seedlings. Applied engineering in agriculture, 30(4), pp. 547–556.
24. Manzone, M., Balsari, P. (2014). Planters performance during a very Short Rotation Coppice planting. Biomass and Bioenergy. V. 67, pp.188–192, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.04.029.
25. Mitkov, V., Kiurchev, S., Nurek, T., Chorna, T., Ihnatiev, Ye. (2021). Scientific bases of aggregation of combined units on the basis of an integrated tractor. Monograph. Warsaw.
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27. Mudryk, K., Bendera, I., Jewiarz, M. (2017) Scientific achievements in agricultural engineering, agronomy and veterinary medicine: Polish-Ukrainian cooperation: scientific monograph. State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podilya, Agriculture University in Kraków, vol. I, Kraków, Traicon, 2017.
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30. Sinchenko, V., Fuchylo, Ya., Humentyk, M. (2015). Koryhuvannia dlia verby [Adjustments for willow]. The Ukrainian Farmer (in Ukrainian).
31. Talagai, N., Marcu, M.V., Zimbalatti, G., Proto, A.R., Borz, S.A. (2020). Productivity in partly mechanized planting operations of willow short rotation coppice. Biomass and Bioenergy. V. 138, 105609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe. 2020.105609.
32. Voitiuk, D.H., Yatsun, S.S., Dovzhyk, M.Ia. (2008). Silskohospodarski mashyny: osnovy teorii ta rozrakhunku. [Agricultural machines: basics of theory and calculation]. Sumy: VTD Universytetska knyha. 543p. (in Ukrainian).
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37. Yermakov, S.V., Hutsol, T.D. (2018). Features of the heterogeneous rood-like materials outflow (by example of energy willow cutting). Technological and methodological aspects of agri-food engineering in young scientist research, pp. 55–68.
38. Yermakov S.V., Hutsol T.D. (2021). Investigation of the process of gravitational unloading of energy willow cuttings in the conditions of static and dynamic arches. Engineering of nature management, Vip. 3, pp. 97–109.
39. Yermakov, S.V., Hutsol, T.D., Garasymchuk, I.D., Vusatyi, M.V. (2022). Patterns of the movement of rod-form materials in the process of their pumping out of hopper. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Mechanization and Automation of Production Processes, V. 2 (48), pp. 21–27 https://doi.org/10.32845/msnau.2022.2.4.
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2. Aijun, G., Xiaoyu, L., Jialin, H., Zhilong, Z., Ji, Z., Jun, C. (2018). Design and experiment of automatic directing garlic planter. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2018, 34(11). pp. 17–25. https://doi.org/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.003.
3. Appavoo, I., Marionneau, A., Berducat, M., Merckx, B., Olivier, N. (2016). A high yield automatic tree planting machine. 5th International Conference on Machine Control & Guidance MCG 2016, Vichy, France. p. 5.
4. Bendera, I.M., Rozdorozhniuk, P.I., Tkach, O.V. (2011). Proektuvannia mekhanizovanykh tekhnolohichnykh protsesiv u roslynnytstvi [Design of mechanized technological processes in crop production]. Kamianets-Podilskyi: FOP Sysyn O.V. 556 p (in Ukrainian).
5. Buchholz, T., Volk, T.A. (2011). Improving the Profitability of Willow Crops–Identifying Opportunities with a Crop Budget Model. Bioenerg. Res. 4, pp. 85–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-010-9103-5.
6. Huk, Ya.V. (2021). Vykorystannia pobichnoi produktsii kukurudzy v enerhetychnykh tsiliakh. [Use of corn by-products for energy purposes]. Perspektyvy rozvytku terytorii: teoriia i praktyka [Prospects for the development of territories: theory and practice]. Kharkiv: KhNUMH. pp. 363–367. (in Ukrainian).
7. Borys, M.M., Yermakov, S.V. (2017). Perspektyvy avtomatyzatsii sadinnia zhyvtsiv enerhetychnykh kultur [Prospects for automation of planting cuttings of energy crops]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Mizhnarodnoi naukovoi konferentsii [Collection of scientific works of the international conference]. Kamianets-Podilskyi, 2017. pp. 23–26. (in Ukrainian).
8. Bush, C., Volk, T.A., Eisenbies H. (2015). Planting rates and delays during the establishment of willow biomass crops. Biomass and Bioenergy. V. 83, pp. 290–296 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.10.008.
9. Dziedzic, K., Łapczyńska-Kordon, B., Mudryk, K. (2017). Decision support systems to establish plantations of energy crops on the example of willow (Salix Viminalis L.). Scientific achievements in agricultural engineering, agronomy and veterinary medicine polish ukrainian cooperation. Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 150–160.
10. Edelfeldt, S., Verwijst, T., Lundkvist, A., Forkman, J. (2013). Effects of mechanical planting on establishment and early growth of willow. Biomass and Bioenergy. V. 55, P. 234–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.02.018.
11. Ericsson, K., Rosenqvist, H., Ganko, E., Pisarek, M., Nilsson, L. (2006). An agro-economic analysis of willow cultivation in Poland. Biomass and Bioenergy. V. 30, Issue 1, pp. 16-27 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.09.002.
12. Frączek, J., Mudryk, K. (2005). Jakości sadzonek wierzby energetycznej w aspekcie sadzenia mechanicznego [Quality of energy willow seedlings in terms of mechanical planting]. Inżynieria Rolnicza [Agricultural Engineering], 6 (66), pp.159-167 (in Polish).
13. Galle, D.T. (2012). Development of an automated precision planter for establishment of Miscanthus giganteus. Purdue University. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2012. 10156261.
14. Hutsol, T., Glowacki, S., Mudryk, K. (2021). Agrobiomass of Ukraine – Energy Potential of Central and Eastern Europe (Engineering, Technology, Innovation, Economics). Monograph. Warsaw.
15. Hutsol, T., Yermakov, S., Firman, Ju., Duganets, V., Bodnar, A. (2018). Analysis of technical solutions of planting machines, which can be used in planting energy willow Renewable Energy Sources. Engineering, Technology, Innovation. pp. 99–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13888-2_10.
16. Ivanyshyn V.V., Yermakov S.V., Hutsol T.D., Mykhailova L.M., Kucher O.V. Avtomat podachi zhyvtsiv enerhetychnoi verby u soshnyk [Automatic feeding of energy willow cuttings into the coulter]. Patent Ukrainy № 152256. 11.01.2023 (in Ukrainian).
17. Ivanyshyn, V., Yermakov, S., Ishchenko, T., Mudryk, K., Hutsol, T. (2020). Calculation algorithm for the dynamic coefficient of vibroviscosity and other properties of energy willow cuttings movement in terms of their unloading from the tanker. E3S Web of Conferences, 154, 04005. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015404005.
18. Kravchuk, V., Novokhatskyi, M., Kozhushko, M., Dumych, V., Zhurba, H. (2013). Na shliakhu do stvorennia plantatsii enerhetychnykh kultur [On the way to creating energy plantations]. Tekhnika i tekhnolohii APK [Agricultural machinery and technologies]. № 2 (41) (in Ukrainian).
19. Kucher, O.V., Yermakov, S.V. (2023). Metodolohiia marketynhovykh doslidzhen bioekonomichnykh protsesiv [Methodology of marketing research of bioeconomic processes]. Podilskyi visnyk: Silske hospodarstvo, tekhnika. [Podilsky Visnyk: agriculture, technology]. № 38. pp.132–139. https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2023-1.19 (in Ukrainian).
20. Kutz, L.J., Craven, J.B. (1994). Evaluation of photoelectric sensors for robotic transplantation. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 10 (1), pp.115–121.
21. Liu, K., Cheng G. and Kong, Z. (2019) Beidou agricultural machinery automatic driving software design, 2019 IEEE 4th Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC), pp. 1770–1775, https://doi.org/10.1109/IAEAC47372.2019.8997712.
22. Lys, S.S. (2009). Ohliad tekhnolohii hazyfikatsii derevyny [Review of wood gasification technology]. Naukovyi visnyk NLTU Ukrainy [Scientific Bulletin of the National Technical University of Ukraine]. Lviv (in Ukrainian).
23. Mao, H., Han, L., Hu, J., Kumi, F. (2014). Development of a pincette-type pick-up device for automatic transplanting of greenhouse seedlings. Applied engineering in agriculture, 30(4), pp. 547–556.
24. Manzone, M., Balsari, P. (2014). Planters performance during a very Short Rotation Coppice planting. Biomass and Bioenergy. V. 67, pp.188–192, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.04.029.
25. Mitkov, V., Kiurchev, S., Nurek, T., Chorna, T., Ihnatiev, Ye. (2021). Scientific bases of aggregation of combined units on the basis of an integrated tractor. Monograph. Warsaw.
26. Miwa, Y. (1991). Automation of plant tissue culture process. In Automation in biotechnology: a collection of contributions presented at the Fourth Toyota Conference, Aichi, Japan, Amsterdam: Elsevier.
27. Mudryk, K., Bendera, I., Jewiarz, M. (2017) Scientific achievements in agricultural engineering, agronomy and veterinary medicine: Polish-Ukrainian cooperation: scientific monograph. State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podilya, Agriculture University in Kraków, vol. I, Kraków, Traicon, 2017.
28. Mudryk K, Hutsol T., Ovcharuk O. (2021) Określenie rozłożenia pędów wierzby energetycznej [Determining the distribution of energy willow cuttings]. Trends and challenges of modern agricultural science. Kyiv. pp. 20–22 (in Polish).
29. Roik, M.V., Sinchenko, V.M., Fuchylo, Y.D. (2015). Energety’chna verba: texnologiya vy’roshhuvannya ta vy’kory’stannya [Energy willow: cultivation technology and usage)]. LLC “Nilan-LTD”, Vinnitsa. 340 p. (in Ukrainian).
30. Sinchenko, V., Fuchylo, Ya., Humentyk, M. (2015). Koryhuvannia dlia verby [Adjustments for willow]. The Ukrainian Farmer (in Ukrainian).
31. Talagai, N., Marcu, M.V., Zimbalatti, G., Proto, A.R., Borz, S.A. (2020). Productivity in partly mechanized planting operations of willow short rotation coppice. Biomass and Bioenergy. V. 138, 105609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe. 2020.105609.
32. Voitiuk, D.H., Yatsun, S.S., Dovzhyk, M.Ia. (2008). Silskohospodarski mashyny: osnovy teorii ta rozrakhunku. [Agricultural machines: basics of theory and calculation]. Sumy: VTD Universytetska knyha. 543p. (in Ukrainian).
33. Willowpedia. Retrieved: https://www.youtube.com/user/Willowpedia. Access: 20.10.2021.
34. Yermakov, S. (2017). Kierunki optymizacji maszyn dla sadzenia wierzby energetycznej [Directions for optimizing machines for planting energy willow]. Skróty referetów i posterów Konferencji Naukowej pt. Inżyneria produkcji rolniczej i leśnej [Abbreviations of papers and posters of the Scientific Conference entitled: Agricultural and forestry production engineering]. Warszawa, 8-9 czzerwca 2017. pp. 75–77. (in Polish).
35. Yermakov, S.V. (2017). Prospects for improvement of constructions for planting energy crops cuttings. Podilian Bulletin: agriculture, engineering, economics. V. 2. pp. 37–45.
36. Yermakov, S. (2019). Application of the laplace transform to calculate the velocity of a two-phase fluid modulated by the movement of cuttings of an energy willow (Salix Viminalis). Теka. Quarterly journal of agri-food industry. V. 2. pp. 71–78.
37. Yermakov, S.V., Hutsol, T.D. (2018). Features of the heterogeneous rood-like materials outflow (by example of energy willow cutting). Technological and methodological aspects of agri-food engineering in young scientist research, pp. 55–68.
38. Yermakov S.V., Hutsol T.D. (2021). Investigation of the process of gravitational unloading of energy willow cuttings in the conditions of static and dynamic arches. Engineering of nature management, Vip. 3, pp. 97–109.
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Опубліковано
2023-12-27
Як цитувати
Єрмаков, С. В. (2023). РОЗРОБКА КОНСТРУКЦІЇ МЕХАНІЗМУ АВТОМАТИЗОВАНОГО ВІДБОРУ І ПОДАЧІ ЖИВЦІВ У САДЖАЛКАХ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИХ КУЛЬТУР. Вісник Сумського національного аграрного університету. Серія: Механізація та автоматизація виробничих процесів, (4 (54), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.32782/msnau.2023.4.4
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