СУЧАСНІ СИСТЕМИ ПРОВЕДЕННЯ ІНОКУЛЯЦІЇ ПОСІВНОГО МАТЕРІАЛУ ПРОСАПНИХ КУЛЬТУР
Ключові слова:
зерно, посів, сівалка, висіваючий апарат, якість
Анотація
Інокуляція посівного матеріалу доволі часто вивчається вченими з точки зору впливу процесу на розвиток культури. Однак, існує дуже мало інформації щодо забезпечення самої технологічної операції вологої інокуляції насіння. Водночас, процес інокуляції забезпечується в основному застарілими засобами механізації. Хоч інокуляція доволі часто застосовується в Україні при вирощуванні бобових культур, процес обробки насіння інокулянтами досі не був оптимізований. Найчастіше для проведення технологічної операції використовують агрегати для протруювання насіння, це потребує не лише великих енергозатрат, а й залучення великої кількості працівників. Тому, метою цього дослідження було вивчити агромашини, що здатні проводити інокуляцію саме під час сівби культури для забезпечення дотримання агровимог і підвищення енергоефективності агропідприємств. В аналізі літературних джерел було визначено і проаналізовано три системи, що теоретично могли б задовольнити вимоги, які ставляться перед операторами водіння і агрономами при проведенні інокуляції. Серед них системи, що відкривають борозну диском або ж лапою культиватором та системи-інжектори. Для кожної з них виявлено переваги і недоліки їх експлуатації в якості системи для інокуляції. Найбільш підходящими для проведення інокуляції засобами, що можуть задовольнити потреби агровиробників, було визначено спеціальний аплікатор StandMax Hunter CS та системи розпилення від ТМ Raven, які встановлюють на посівні комплекси та використовуються закордонними агровиробниками. Також, в статті висвітлено особливості систем та компонентів, що в них використовуються. Серед них типи форсунок, які можуть використовуватись у системах інокуляції; сенсори для контролю виливу рідини; невід’ємними компонентами є також мікропроцесори та програмне забезпечення. Однак, під час пошуку та аналізу літературних джерел не було знайдено методики та рекомендацій щодо внесення інокулянтів в ґрунт під час сівби, тому ця тема потрує подальшого більш детального дослідження.
Посилання
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Опубліковано
2023-03-30
Як цитувати
Шелест, М. С. (2023). СУЧАСНІ СИСТЕМИ ПРОВЕДЕННЯ ІНОКУЛЯЦІЇ ПОСІВНОГО МАТЕРІАЛУ ПРОСАПНИХ КУЛЬТУР. Вісник Сумського національного аграрного університету. Серія: Механізація та автоматизація виробничих процесів, (3 (49), 90-97. https://doi.org/10.32845/msnau.2022.3.13
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