STUDY OF THE MICROCLIMATE IN PREMISES FOR HOLDING PIGS
Abstract
Optimal pig farming conditions are important as infectious and non-infectious diseases, reduced productivity and death can occur. The suckling period is especially important for piglets, as soon as the immune system and protection of mucous membranes are formed. The research was conducted on the farm for growing pigs of the Great White + Landrace pigs of SC "DG Institute of Agriculture of the Northeast" NAAS of Ukraine in January-February 2021. Samples were obtained from working surfaces in the farrowing, rearing and fattening rooms for the study of circulating microflora. Microorganisms in the air were studied by sedimentation on Petri dishes. Samples of fecal masses and flushes from mucous membranes were obtained from the piglets of each production group. Elective media (Phenol Red Broth Base), Bergey’s Mannual of Systematics Bacteriology tests and Himedia Laboratories Prv. Limited strips were used for microorganism identification. We also conducted comparative studies of the microclimate in a farrowing room with different floor structures. Because of this research, it was found that the composition of the microflora in each room depended on the age group of pigs. Thus, in the farrowing and rearing room, a larger percentage of microorganisms were E. coli, S. aureus and Clostridium spp.; in the fattening room – E. faecium, E. faecalis, Streptococcus spp. and Yersinia. Studies have shown that the amount of associated microflora in the room increases with the age of the animals, which is represented by a small percentage of bacteria and microscopic fungi. Due to the small percentage of representatives, the associated microflora cannot cause disease in pigs, but it affects the overall microbial contamination in the room. It was determined that the room with a lattice floor had a higher temperature by 18,18 %, while the relative humidity was significantly lower by 29,11 %, compared to a pigsty with a concrete floor (p≤0,05). Studies have shown that the level of ammonia was lower by 28,4 % (p≤0,05); hydrogen sulfide content – by 51,6 %; total microbial contamination – by 35,48 % (p≤0,05) in a room with a lattice floor. Based on the results of the microclimate study, it can be concluded that more comfortable conditions of detention for sows with suckling piglets in a room equipped with lattice floors with automatic manure removal and heating. The prospect of further research in this direction is to determine the impact of negative microclimate factors on pig productivity.
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