EFFICIENCY OF THE ACTION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS WHEN USED AGAINST BEE NOSEMOSIS
Abstract
This article describes data on the effectiveness of medicinal plants when used against bee nosemosis. Based on the results of statistical data and own research, where the rapid development of beekeeping activity in Ukraine was studied, it was noted that, over the last 10 years, beekeeping farming has developed quite quickly in the country as a type of economic activity. At similar rates, the cut and export of honey and beekeeping products to such countries as: the USA, Canada, UAE is quite high. and European countries. But at the same time, it was found that the number of officially registered owners of bee hives decreased statistically by about 20%. At the time when the number of bee colonies in the state is increasing, the total percentage of bee colonies affected by the most common diseases that spread quickly among themselves also increases. Among such diseases affecting weakened bees is nosemosis. It is caused by microsporidia of the genus Nosema. Until recently, bees were thought to be parasitized by only two types of Nosema species, i.e. Nosema apis and N. ceranae, but a third genus, N. neumanni, was described in 2017. Nosemosis negatively changes the rate of renewal of the intestinal epithelium and creates a layer of mature spores on the surface of the intestine, which leads to hypotrophy of bees and changes in the composition of trace elements. Nosemosis also changed the content of the gut microbiome of bees at both the bacterial and yeast levels. In addition, it causes disruption of many glandular functions, accelerates age polyetism in young honey bees, reduces the level of hormone secretion and causes anatomical changes in the ovaries of queen bees, and finally affects the fertility and survival of male honey bees. Nevertheless, new “bee medicines” should be sought, especially now that fumagillin is no longer effective in the treatment of nosemosis because N. ceranae can avoid it and because its use is prohibited in EU countries. The use of medicines in beekeeping should be safe for both honey bees and humans. Fumagillin causes changes in the ultrastructure of the hypopharyngeal glands in bees and causes chromosomal aberrations and carcinogenicity in humans. Therefore, there is a significant demand for a new drug that safely and effectively treats bee colonies infected with N. ceranae. Therefore, we decided to develop and apply an effective medicine that consists only of medicinal plants, is completely safe for bees and effective against bee nosemosis after wintering. In the future, it is planned to introduce into the production process as an ecologically safe remedy based on medicinal plants, which can be successfully used in beekeeping in the spring, summer and autumn periods as a means to fight against bee nosemosis and the prevention of other known infectious diseases of bees.
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