PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE STOMACH AND SMALL INTESTINE OF CATS AT THE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS
Abstract
Pathomorphological changes at the infectious peritonitis of cats have been studied by few authors and are not fully described. In this regard, this paper describes in detail macroscopic and microscopic changes in the stomach and small intestine of cats that died from infectious peritonitis. An autopsy and histological examinations of the stomach and small intestine of cats of various ages that died from mixed (26 animals) and dry (7 animals) forms of infectious peritonitis were performed. It was found that in addition to pyogranulomatous lesions and accumulation of fluid in body cavities typical for infectious peritonitis of cats, 57.1% of cats with a dry form and 21.05% of animals with a mixed form of the disease have jaundice, which indicates a violation of their bilirubin metabolism. Microscopic changes in different parts of the stomach and small intestine are similar. In the mucous membrane, the destruction of its upper parts (gastric pits in the stomach and villi in the small intestine) was established. Smooth muscle cells of the muscular plate of the mucous membrane are in a state of cell swelling. In the submucosal base, swelling, expansion of blood vessels, thickening and homogenization of bundles of collagen fibers, as well as fragmentation of these bundles due to their focal lysis, are registered. The most pronounced were microscopic changes in the muscular and serous membranes of the stomach and small intestine. Cell swelling and destruction of smooth muscle cells, infiltration by lymphocytes and a smaller number of monocytes, perivascular edema and changes in the walls of blood vessels, which include the destruction of cells of the muscular layer of the walls of part of the arteries, destruction of the cells of the endothelium of part of the blood capillaries, were found in the muscle sheath. The serous membrane in many areas of the small intestine was not changed. Destruction of mesotheliocytes was established in some areas, and in many – a clear metaplasia of these cells: they were transformed into cells of a cubic or columnar shape. The cytoplasm of the altered mesotheliocytes became basophilic, and their nuclei acquired an oval or irregular shape. In the areas of the stomach and small intestine, where fibrinous-necrotic mases were found on its surface, the mesothelium was unchanged, metaplastic, and in some places destroyed.
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