DISEASES CAUSED BY METABOLIC CHANGES IN COWS DURING THE DRY AND POSTPARTUM PERIOD
Abstract
The problems of metabolic disorders in cows in the three weeks before parturition and in the postpartum period are poorly studied, but have a direct impact on the health and productivity of animals. Metabolic disorders of cows after childbirth affect milk production, reproduction and profitability. The purpose of this study was to monitor diseases that are associated with a violation of the metabolic status of cows during the dry season and the postpartum period depending on lactation. The research was carried out at the holding of the agrofirm "Lan" LLC of the North-Eastern region of Ukraine on 166 cows of the Holstein breed in the period March-August 2022. 45 cows of the first lactation, 56 of the second, and 65 of the third were involved in the study. The clinical condition of cows, separation of litter, state and contractile activity of the uterus, mucus color and consistency were studied. Diet and hope were monitored daily. The test for mastitis using the California test was carried out on site in Petri dishes. Milk was mixed with the reagent, if a clot was obtained at the bottom of the cup, a diagnosis of mastitis was made. To determine the content of calcium and inorganic phosphorus, tests from Pliva Lachema (Czech Republic) were used. The level of β-ketones in the blood of cows was determined using the ketometer KetoSens (FDA). Cows monitored three weeks before calving and three weeks after calving show that the highest percentages of diseases are ketosis (21%), subclinical mastitis (16%), hypocalcemia (13%), and subclinical hypocalcemia (14%). Lameness in cows in the third lactation, especially in the first weeks after giving birth, progresses by 6,2%. Depending on the number of lactations, cases of hypocalcemia increase by 3,3% in cows in the second lactation, and by 5,1% in the third lactation. Manifestations of metritis increase in the second lactation by 3,4%, in the third – by 7,7%, compared to first-borns. Mastitis occurs more often in cows in the second lactation by 4,9%, in cows in the third by 5,8%. The incidence of ketosis in cows of the second lactation was manifested more often by 1,7%, in the third – by 25,0%, compared to first-born cows. As a result of the conducted research, diseases that occur in cows against the background of metabolic changes during the dry period and the first three weeks after childbirth have been determined. The prospect of further research in this direction is the development of methods of prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders in beef cows and after calving.
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