FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE OF SOME ORGANS OF THE MIDDLE INTESTINE OF PIG
Abstract
The article considered the morphological and anatomical structure of the organs of the middle intestine of pigs. Wellknown complex classical orphological and anatomical methods of experimental research were used in the study. Specific anatomical features of the structure of the mucous membrane of the derived organs of the midgut in pigs of the white Ukrainian breed were determined. The organs of the middle intestine in pigs are located in the abdominal cavity, which is bony limited dorsally by the last thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. From the sides, the abdominal cavity is limited by the last pairs of false ribs and abdominal muscles. Topographically, the organs of the middle intestine of pigs are located in the cranial, middle and partially caudal part of the abdominal cavity of the animal. The organs of the middle intestine are built according to the tubular and parenchymal type. The small intestine consists of three membranes. The mucous membrane has villi, in pigs the villi are of different shape and size and are connected in folds at the base and increase the absorption surface up to 20 times, the villi are short and reach a length of up to 0.35 mm. The liver and pancreas belong to the wall glands of the middle intestine of pigs. The liver is a large parenchymal organ of pigs, in which bile is constantly formed, besides it performs many other important functions. The liver of pigs is a depot of blood, an organ of thermoregulation, disinfects poisonous substances brought to it through the portal vein from the intestines, a depot of glycogen, takes part in the exchange of proteins. The weight of the pig liver is up to 2500 g. It is built according to the type of parenchymal organ, that is, it has stroma and parenchyma. The liver has its own specific structure in pigs, the pattern of parenchyma under the capsule is clearly visible, inherent directly to the liver of a pig, which plays a significant role during a visual examination of the organ, when determining the species. This compact organ is located in the abdominal cavity of the right hypochondrium within the 14th rib, partially enters the left hypochondrium within the 10th rib and touches the abdominal wall in the area of the xiphoid process. The gland has a somewhat flattened shape, its convex surface adjoins the diaphragm, reflecting its dome, the opposite surface is flatter and directed caudal to the viscera. As a result of the research, it was established that the indicated regions of the derivatives of the midgut of the digestive system of pigs, namely the liver, the structure of its parenchyma and stroma, have significant anatomical and morphological differences, which should be taken into account when preparing and manufacturing wet anatomical preparations and to ensure the population of benign veterinary sanitary relation with meat. The specificity of the liver of a pig may be highly relevant for the development of anatomy, for surgical interventions, it is necessary to know the anatomical variability of the hepatic arteries and veins, bile ducts. for the treatment of various methods of treatment of diseases of the organs of the lower middle intestine of pigs. Knowledge of all these anatomical elements in pigs is necessary and essential for the education of doctors in veterinary medicine, and in the future and other scientific directives, the achievement of scientists in this field.
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