BYPRODUCTS AS AN ELEMENT OF BIOLOGIZATION OF SOIL AGRICULTURE IN THE KYIV REGION
Abstract
The results of research in the laboratory for the protection and improvement of soil fertility and project documentation in 2016–2020 are presented. SE “Institute for Soil Protection of Ukraine” According to the statistical reporting (form 9-SG and 29-SG) for 2016–2020, taking into account the humification coefficient, were calculated the receipts of by-products and crop and root residues that remain on the fields of the Kiev region after growing crops. For 2016–2020, 102,302.9 thousand t of by-products were introduced in the Kiev region on an area of 4,545.7 thousand hectares, including 17,357.6 thousand tons in 2020 on an area of 919.1 thousand hectares, which is compared to from 2016, almost 10% less (1979.2 thousand tons). Straw was introduced in the amount of 6806.35 thousand tons on an area of 4428.5 thousand hectares, including 135.36 thousand t in 2020 on an area of 1601.9 thousand hа, which is 75% more than in 2016 (1204.84 thousand ha), but the amount of straw applied decreased 15 times (1962.6 thousand t). For comparison, in 2016, almost 4.4 thousand t of straw were applied per hectare, and in 2020 only 0.08 thousand t. Green manure plowed on an area of 280.2 thousand hа in the amount of 661.2 thousand t, including during 2020 – 94.4 thousand t on an area of 115.6 thousand hа, t of were applied per hа 0.8 thousand t tons of green manure. By comparison, in 2016, 159.61 thousand t of green manure were plowed on an area of 17.77 thousand hа, almost 9.0 thousand tons of green fertilizer were applied per hectare. The dynamics of the introduction of biological raw materials on farms over the past five years indicates a decrease in the biologization of soils in the Kiev region (R2=0.02). A trend towards an increase in the volume of biological raw materials introduced into the soil of the Kiev region of such crops as sown herbs, corn for grain, grain crops, legumes, sugar beets and sunflowers (R2=0.67) has been established. To achieve a deficit-free balance of organic matter and biogenic elements, it is necessary to introduce perennial grasses, cereals and leguminous crops into crop rotations with optimal crop rotation. In the soils of the Kiev region, the trend towards an increase in the volume of biological raw materials introduced into the soil was achieved only due to the by-products of corn, sunflower and a small amount of sugar beet. Real information about the state of soil fertility brought to the consciousness of every responsible worker of the agroindustrial complex through the “Cartograms of the qualitative assessment of soils” will change the attitude of society towards the land and its integral part – the soil.
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