ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE UREA-AMMONIA MIXTURE APPLICATION WITH INTER-ROW PROCESSING CULTIVATOR
Keywords:
corn, productivity, nitrogen fertilizers, tillage, soil, UAN, root, yield, profitability.
Abstract
The profitability of corn production in Ukraine is one of the highest among other crops, but in wartime, a time of economic crisis, the attention of agricultural producers is directed to the maximum saving of material resources. The selection of hybrids, tillage systems, fertilization, application of pesticides and grain drying affect the final cost of the corn grain production. In farms, nitrogen fertilizers for corn are mainly applied in the spring – during pre-sowing cultivation, during sowing, interrow processing, in foliar application. Each term, dose and form of fertilizer application is important, and the effectiveness of the selected technological operations depends on weather conditions, soil properties, timeliness and reasonableness of application, as a whole, on the cultivation technology. Using of the nitrogen fertilizers, it is necessary to minimize the loss of nitrogen from the soil and ultimately obtain products of good quality, for the sale of which the farmer will receive a profit. In the conditions of dark gray forest soils of the Chernihiv Polyssia of Ukraine, the feasibility of applying UAN-32 (solution of urea and ammonium nitrate in water) with inter-row processing in the root application with the mounted cultivator IRIS-T with rates of 50, 80, 110, 140 kg/ha in the phase of 7–8 leaves was investigated. In the fall, before tillage, 120 kg/ha of anhydrous ammonia was applied, the complex fertilizer YaraMila 8-24-24 was applied at the rate of 100 kg/ha in physical weight during sowing. Calculating the economic efficiency of the fertilizer application, the most additional costs were obtained under applying at a dose of 140 kg/ha, and additional profit – at a dose of 110 kg/ha. The level of profitability of this measure was in the range of 54.3-81 %, with the highest parameter using UAN-32. Therefore, in the conditions of dark gray soil, it is recommended to use UAN-32 rootstock on corn crops with rates of up to 110 kg/ha in the 7–8 leaf phase to increase yield and gain profit.
References
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30. Shynkaruk, L. (2021). Vplyv makro- i mikrodobryv na vrozhainist kukurudzy [Influence of macro- and micro-fertilizers on maize yield]. Bulletin of Lviv National Agrarian University, 5, 162–166 (in Ukrainian).
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32. Vargas-Salgado, M., Portillo-Vázquez, M., Brambila-Paz, J. J., Martínez-Damián, M. Á. & Medina-Cuellar, S. E. (2021). Economic optima of fertilizer in the production of white corn in High Valleys. Revista Mexicana Ciencias Agrícolas, 12 (8), 1391–1400. doi: 10.29312/remexca.v12i8.2685
33. Zakharchenko, E. A. (2019). Effect of zinc application on the maize. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Agronomy and Biology, 4, 8–14. doi: 10.32845/agrobio.2019.4.2
34. Zakharchenko, E. A., Petrenko, S. V., Berdin, S. I., Podhaietskyi, A. A., Kravchenko, N. V., Hnitetskyi, M. O., Hlupak, Z. I., Bordun, R. M., Tiutiunnyk, O. S., Tryus, V. O. (2023). Response of maize plants to seeding rates under conditions of typical black soil. Modern Phytomorphology, 17, 71–74. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.2023-17-200119
35. Zakharchenko, E. & Tunguz, V. (2020). Effect of ammonium sulfate and phosphogypsum application on nutrients dynamics and acidity of black soil. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Agronomy and Biology, 42(4), 61–69. doi: 10.32845/agrobio.2020.4.8.
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37. Yang, X. (2023). An analysis of optimal agricultural fertilizer application decisions in the presence of market and weather uncertainties and nutrient pollution. UWSpace. Access mode: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/19054
2. Cabrera, E. S., Amaro G. R. M., & Contreras-Hernández, A. (2022). Profitability of Corn (Zea mays L.) Grown in Milpa Production Systems in Oaxaca, Puebla, and Veracruz, Mexico. Agro Productividad, 15(10), 51–59. doi: 10.32854/agrop. v15i10.2212
3. Dong, F. & Mitchell, P. (2023). Economic and Risk Analysis of Sustainable Practice Adoption Among U.S. Corn Growers, 33. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.4357612
4. Herasymenko, A. (2021). Yak pravylno vnosyty dobryva po merzlotalomu gruntu – rozbyraiemos razom [How to properly apply fertilizers on frozen soil 2 let’s figure it out together.]. 20.02.2021. (in Ukrainian). Access mode: https://kurkul. com/spetsproekty/981-yak-pravilno-vnositi-dobriva-po-merzlo-talomu-gruntu--rozbirayemos-razom
5. Huang, Na., Sassenrath, G. F., & Lin, X. (2023) Improving Resilience of Corn to Weather through Improved Fertilizer Efficiency. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 9(2), article 14. doi: 10.4148/2378-5977.8447
6. Kaminskyi, V. F. & Asanishvili, N. M. (2020). Economic efficiency of maize growing technologies of different levels of intensity. Ukrainian Black Sea region agrarian science, 3(107), 28–34 (in Ukrainian).
7. Kharchenko, O., Petrenko, S., Zakharchenko, E., Sobko, M., Medvid, S. & Pshychenko, O. (2021). Models of quantitative estimation of sowing density effect on maize yield and its dependence on weather conditions. Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, LXIV, 2, 224–231.
8. Kharchenko, O. V., Prasol, V. I., Zakharchenko, E. A. & Sobko, M. G. (2016). Do problemy analitychnoi otsinky efektyvnosti mineralnykh dobryv ta ekolohichnykh obmezhen yikh normy: naukove vydannia [To the problem of analytical evaluation of the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers and ecological limitations of their norms: scientific publication]. Universytetska knyha, Sumy, 31 (in Ukrainian).
9. Kharchenko, O., Zakharchenko, E., Kovalenko, I. Prasol, V., Pshychenko, O., Mishchenko, Y. (2019). On problem of establishing the intensity level of crop variety and its yield value subject to the environmental conditions and constraints. AgroLife scientific journal, 8(1), 113–119.
10. Kiver, V. F. & Onopriyenko, D. M. (2010). Vplyv fertyhatsii na produktyvnist roslyn i yakist zerna kukurudzy [Effect of fertigation on plant productivity and corn grain quality.]. Bulletin of Agricultural Science, 8(10), 56–59 (in Ukrainian).
11. Koren, V. V. & Kostiukievych, T. K. (2021). Otsinka ahrometeorolohichnykh umov vyroshchuvannia kukurudzy v Chernihivskii oblasti [Assessment of agrometeorological conditions for growing corn in the Chernihiv region]. Henetyka i selektsiia v suchasnomu ahrokompleksi: VI Vseukrainska naukovo-praktychna konferentsiia, m. Uman, 15 zhovtnia 2021, 83–84 (in Ukrainian).
12. Kovalenko, I. M. & Masyk, I. M. (2018). Vplyv tekhnolohii vyroshchuvannia kukurudzy na zerno na urozhainist ta ekonomichnu efektyvnist v umovakh Livoberezhnoho Lisostepu Ukrainy [The influence of the technology of growing corn for grain on productivity and economic efficiency in the conditions of the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine]. Tavriiskyi naukovyi visnyk: naukovyi zhurnal. Ser. «Silskohospodarski nauky», 99, 67–76 (in Ukrainian).
13. Kramarev, S. M., Kramarev, O. S., Demydenko, V. G., Khoroshun, K. O., Pisotsky, S. S., Bondar, V. J., Ruban, S. M. & Tsurcan, K. P. (2020). Ekonomichna efektyvnist vykorystannia karbamid-amiachnykh sumishei (KAS) v suchasnykh systemakh udobrennia silskohospodarskykh kultur [Use of carbamide-ammonia mixtures (CAM) in modern fertilizer systems of agricultural crops]. New Ideology, Dnipro,195 (in Ukrainian).
14. Ladyka, V. I. (2009). Bioenerhetychnyi potentsial lisostepovoi i poliskoi zon Ukrainy ta perspektyvy yoho vykorystannia: monohrafiia [Bioenergy potential of forest-steppe and steppe zones of Ukraine and prospects for its use: monograph.]. Universytetska knyha, Sumy, 304 (in Ukrainian).
15. Liashenko, N. O. (2015). Ekonomichna efektyvnist zastosuvannia riznykh system dobryv pry vyroshchuvanni kukurudzy na zerno v stepovii zoni Ukrainy. [Economic efficiency of application of the different systems of fertilizers at growing of grain corn in the steppe zone of Ukraine]. Agrosvit, 21, 67–71 (in Ukrainian). 16. Li, H., Zhang, Y., Sun, Y., Liu, P., Zhang, Q., Wang, X., Wang, R., Li, J. (2023). Long-term effects of optimized fertilization, tillage and crop rotation on soil fertility, crop yield and economic profit on the Loess Plateau. European Journal of Agronomy, 143, 126731. doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2022.126731.
17. Masyk, I. M. & Zakharchenko, E. A. (2017). Productivity and economic efficiency of corn cultivation for grain under different systems of basic cultivation of soil in the conditions of the left bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. Visnyk Kharkivskoho natsionalnoho ahrarnoho universytetu imeni V. V. Dokuchaieva. Seriia: Gruntoznavstvo, ahrokhimiia, zemlerobstvo, lisove hospodarstvo, ekolohiia gruntiv, 1, 46–154 (in Ukrainian).
18. McFadden, J. & Miranowski, J. (2020). Corn yield dynamics and weather shocks: climate change implications for the U.S. corn belt. Climate Change Economics, 11(01), 2050001. doi: 10.1142/S2010007820500013
19. Mirzaei, M., Anari, G. M., Saronjic, N., Sarkar, S., Kral, I., Gronauer, A., Mohammed, S. & Caballero-Calvo, A. (2023). Environmental impacts of corn silage production: influence of wheat residues under contrasting tillage management types. Environ Monit Assess, 195, 171. doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-10675-8
20. Nasinnia Pioneer: P8816 (2022). Nadiinist, plastychnist ta harantiia vysokoho vrozhaiu [Pioneer Seeds: P8816. Reliability, plasticity and guarantee of a high yield] (in Ukrainian). Access mode: https://www.pioneer.com/ua/products/corn/ P8816.html#anchor_1
21. Palamarchuk, V. D.(2019). Ekonomichna otsinka hibrydiv kukurudzy zalezhno vid pozakorenevykh pidzhyvlen [Economic estimation of growing corn hybrids depending on the factors of vegetation and foliar nutrition]. Agriculture and forestry, scientific journal of Vinnitsa national agrarian university, 12, 18–27. (in Ukrainian). doi: 10.37128/2707-5826-2 019-1-2
22. Palamarchuk, V. & Demchuk, B. (2021). Role of root feeding in modern technology of cultivating grain corn. Agriculture and forestry, scientific journal of Vinnitsa national agrarian university, 20, 60–76. doi: 10.37128/2707-5826-2021-5
23. Ransom, C. J., Kitchen, N. R., Camberato J. J., et al. (2020). Corn nitrogen rate recommendation tools’ performance across eight US midwest corn belt states. Agronomy Journal, 112, 470–492. doi: 10.1002/agj2.20035
24. Pavliuk, I. (2021). Yak otrymaty 10 t/ha kukurudzy u sukhii vazi. [How to get 10 t/ha of corn in dry weight]. 11 chervnia 2021 r. (in Ukrainian). Access mode: https://agronomy.com.ua/statti/zernovi-kultury/489-yak-otrymaty-10-t-ha-kukurudzy-usukhii- vazi.html
25. Posivna-2021 u tsyfrakh. [Sowing-2021 in numbers]. (in Ukrainian). Access mode: https://superagronom.com/ articles/518-posivna-2021-u-tsifrah
26. Sava, A. (2016). Perspektyvy haluzi roslynnytstva u 2016 rotsi: shcho vyhidno vyroshchuvaty? Agroelita. (in Ukrainian). Access mode: https://agroelita.info/perspektyvy-haluzi-roslynnytstva-u-2016-rotsi-scho-vyhidno-vyroschuvaty/
27. TOP-10 krain vyrobnykiv kukurudzy v 2021/22 MR [TOP-10 corn producing countries in the 2021/22 marketing year] (in Ukrainian). Access mode: https://latifundist.com/rating/top-10-krayin-virobnikiv-kukurudzi-2021-22-mr
28. Schnitkey, G., Paulson N., Zulauf, C. & Baltz, J. (2023). Fertilizer Prices and Company Profits Going into Spring 2023. Farmdoc daily (13), 36. Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, February, 28. Access mode: https://farmdocdaily.illinois.edu/2023/02/fertilizer-prices-and-company-profitsgoing- intospring-2023.html
29. Shou, N., Gao, W., Jiang, C., Ma, R., Usman, S. & Yang, X. (2023). Optimizing nitrogen fertilization for forage maize production to maximize profit and minimize environmental costs in a rainfed region in China. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 69(13), 2569–2584. doi: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2165066
30. Shynkaruk, L. (2021). Vplyv makro- i mikrodobryv na vrozhainist kukurudzy [Influence of macro- and micro-fertilizers on maize yield]. Bulletin of Lviv National Agrarian University, 5, 162–166 (in Ukrainian).
31. Szulc, P., Krauklis, D., Ambroży-Deręgowska, K., Wróbel, B., Zielewicz, W., Niedbała, G., Kardasz, P., Selwet, M. & Niazian, M. (2023). Evaluation of the effectiveness of NBPT and NPPT application as a urease carrier in fertilization of maize (Zea mays L.) for ensiling. Agronomy, 13, 817. doi: 10.3390/agronomy13030817
32. Vargas-Salgado, M., Portillo-Vázquez, M., Brambila-Paz, J. J., Martínez-Damián, M. Á. & Medina-Cuellar, S. E. (2021). Economic optima of fertilizer in the production of white corn in High Valleys. Revista Mexicana Ciencias Agrícolas, 12 (8), 1391–1400. doi: 10.29312/remexca.v12i8.2685
33. Zakharchenko, E. A. (2019). Effect of zinc application on the maize. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Agronomy and Biology, 4, 8–14. doi: 10.32845/agrobio.2019.4.2
34. Zakharchenko, E. A., Petrenko, S. V., Berdin, S. I., Podhaietskyi, A. A., Kravchenko, N. V., Hnitetskyi, M. O., Hlupak, Z. I., Bordun, R. M., Tiutiunnyk, O. S., Tryus, V. O. (2023). Response of maize plants to seeding rates under conditions of typical black soil. Modern Phytomorphology, 17, 71–74. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.2023-17-200119
35. Zakharchenko, E. & Tunguz, V. (2020). Effect of ammonium sulfate and phosphogypsum application on nutrients dynamics and acidity of black soil. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Agronomy and Biology, 42(4), 61–69. doi: 10.32845/agrobio.2020.4.8.
36. Zhang X., Wu D. & Zakharchenko E. А. (2022). Review on effects of biogas slurry application on crop growth. Agrarian innovations, 13, 155–165. doi: 10.32848/agrar.innov.2022.13.24.
37. Yang, X. (2023). An analysis of optimal agricultural fertilizer application decisions in the presence of market and weather uncertainties and nutrient pollution. UWSpace. Access mode: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/19054
Published
2023-06-09
How to Cite
Kravchenko, N. V., Adamchyk, Y. V., & Protasov, O. M. (2023). ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE UREA-AMMONIA MIXTURE APPLICATION WITH INTER-ROW PROCESSING CULTIVATOR. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Agronomy and Biology, 51(1), 72-78. https://doi.org/10.32782/agrobio.2023.1.9
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