ЕКОНОМІЧНА ОЦІНКА ВИКОРИСТАННЯ КАРБАМІДНО-АМІАЧНОЇ СУМІШІ З МІЖРЯДНИМ ОБРОБІТКОМ
Ключові слова:
кукурудза, урожайність, азотні добрива, обробіток, грунт, КАС, прикореневе внесення, рентабельність.
Анотація
Рентабельність виробництва кукурудзи в Україні є однією з найвищих серед інших сільськогосподарських культур, але у воєнний час, час економічної кризи, увага сільськогосподарських виробників спрямована на максимальну економію матеріальних ресурсів. Підбір гібридів, систем обробітку, удобрення, захисту, досушування впливають на кінцеву собівартість зерна кукурудзи. В господарствах азотні добрива під кукурудзу переважно вносять навесні – під передпосівний обробіток, під час сівби, міжрядного рихлення, у позакореневе підживлення. Кожен строк, доза і форма внесення добрива є важливим і ефективність обраних технологічних операцій залежить від погодних умов, властивостей ґрунту, своєчасності та обґрунтованості внесення, в цілому від технології вирощування. При внесенні азотних добрив потрібно мінімізувати втрати азоту з ґрунту і в кінцевому рахунку отримати продукцію гарної якості, за продаж якої фермер отримає прибуток. Тому, в умовах темно-сірих лісових ґрунтів Чернігівського Полісся України було досліджено доцільність внесення КАС-32 з міжрядним обробітком у прикореневе внесення навісним культиватором IRIS-Т з нормами 50, 80, 110, 140 кг/га у фазу 7–8 листків для підвищення врожайності. Восени перед осіннім обробітком було внесено 120 кг/га безводного аміаку, а разом з сівбою вносилось комплексне добриво YaraMila 8-24-24 у нормі 100 кг/га у фізичній вазі. При розрахунку економічної ефективності застосування прикоренево карбамідно-аміачної суміші було отримано найбільше додаткових витрат при внесенні добрива в дозі 140 кг/га, а додатковий прибуток – при внесенні 110 кг/га. Рівень рентабельності даного заходу був в межах 54,3–81 % з найвищим показником при застосуванні КАС-32. Тому, в умовах темно-сірого грунту рекомендується застосовувати на посівах кукурудзи на зерно прикоренево КАС-32 з нормами до 110 кг/га у фазу 7–8 листків для підвищення врожайності та отримання прибутку.
Посилання
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4. Herasymenko, A. (2021). Yak pravylno vnosyty dobryva po merzlotalomu gruntu – rozbyraiemos razom [How to properly apply fertilizers on frozen soil 2 let’s figure it out together.]. 20.02.2021. (in Ukrainian). Access mode: https://kurkul. com/spetsproekty/981-yak-pravilno-vnositi-dobriva-po-merzlo-talomu-gruntu--rozbirayemos-razom
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7. Kharchenko, O., Petrenko, S., Zakharchenko, E., Sobko, M., Medvid, S. & Pshychenko, O. (2021). Models of quantitative estimation of sowing density effect on maize yield and its dependence on weather conditions. Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, LXIV, 2, 224–231.
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9. Kharchenko, O., Zakharchenko, E., Kovalenko, I. Prasol, V., Pshychenko, O., Mishchenko, Y. (2019). On problem of establishing the intensity level of crop variety and its yield value subject to the environmental conditions and constraints. AgroLife scientific journal, 8(1), 113–119.
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12. Kovalenko, I. M. & Masyk, I. M. (2018). Vplyv tekhnolohii vyroshchuvannia kukurudzy na zerno na urozhainist ta ekonomichnu efektyvnist v umovakh Livoberezhnoho Lisostepu Ukrainy [The influence of the technology of growing corn for grain on productivity and economic efficiency in the conditions of the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine]. Tavriiskyi naukovyi visnyk: naukovyi zhurnal. Ser. «Silskohospodarski nauky», 99, 67–76 (in Ukrainian).
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21. Palamarchuk, V. D.(2019). Ekonomichna otsinka hibrydiv kukurudzy zalezhno vid pozakorenevykh pidzhyvlen [Economic estimation of growing corn hybrids depending on the factors of vegetation and foliar nutrition]. Agriculture and forestry, scientific journal of Vinnitsa national agrarian university, 12, 18–27. (in Ukrainian). doi: 10.37128/2707-5826-2 019-1-2
22. Palamarchuk, V. & Demchuk, B. (2021). Role of root feeding in modern technology of cultivating grain corn. Agriculture and forestry, scientific journal of Vinnitsa national agrarian university, 20, 60–76. doi: 10.37128/2707-5826-2021-5
23. Ransom, C. J., Kitchen, N. R., Camberato J. J., et al. (2020). Corn nitrogen rate recommendation tools’ performance across eight US midwest corn belt states. Agronomy Journal, 112, 470–492. doi: 10.1002/agj2.20035
24. Pavliuk, I. (2021). Yak otrymaty 10 t/ha kukurudzy u sukhii vazi. [How to get 10 t/ha of corn in dry weight]. 11 chervnia 2021 r. (in Ukrainian). Access mode: https://agronomy.com.ua/statti/zernovi-kultury/489-yak-otrymaty-10-t-ha-kukurudzy-usukhii- vazi.html
25. Posivna-2021 u tsyfrakh. [Sowing-2021 in numbers]. (in Ukrainian). Access mode: https://superagronom.com/ articles/518-posivna-2021-u-tsifrah
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30. Shynkaruk, L. (2021). Vplyv makro- i mikrodobryv na vrozhainist kukurudzy [Influence of macro- and micro-fertilizers on maize yield]. Bulletin of Lviv National Agrarian University, 5, 162–166 (in Ukrainian).
31. Szulc, P., Krauklis, D., Ambroży-Deręgowska, K., Wróbel, B., Zielewicz, W., Niedbała, G., Kardasz, P., Selwet, M. & Niazian, M. (2023). Evaluation of the effectiveness of NBPT and NPPT application as a urease carrier in fertilization of maize (Zea mays L.) for ensiling. Agronomy, 13, 817. doi: 10.3390/agronomy13030817
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Опубліковано
2023-06-09
Як цитувати
Кравченко, Н. В., Адамчик, Є. В., & Протасов, О. М. (2023). ЕКОНОМІЧНА ОЦІНКА ВИКОРИСТАННЯ КАРБАМІДНО-АМІАЧНОЇ СУМІШІ З МІЖРЯДНИМ ОБРОБІТКОМ. Вісник Сумського національного аграрного університету. Серія: Агрономія і біологія, 51(1), 72-78. https://doi.org/10.32782/agrobio.2023.1.9
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