CONTROL OF WEEDS IN MAIZE GROWING
Abstract
In this article was evaluated the measurement of influence of stubble green fertilizer of oilseed radish and different methods of soil cultivation on changes in the potential weediness of typical chernozem and the actual weediness of corn. It was found that the use of green fertilizer of oilseed radish provided a significant reduction in the infestation of the 0–30 cm soil layer with weed seeds by 2.9–7.1 million pieces/ha, and reduced the number of all biological groups of weeds in corn crops by 0.2–4.5 pieces/m2 and their weight – by 4–69 g/m2. This increased the yield of corn grain by 1.5–1.8 t/ha. It was found that replacing plowing with non-moldboard tillage for plowing in green fertilizer for oilseed radish reduced the reserves of weed seeds in the soil layer of 0–30 cm by 0.7–1.7 million pieces/ha. At the same time, a significant increase in the number of weed seeds in the soil layer of 0–5 and 5–10 cm was established – by 3.3–5.6 and 14.3–16.1 million pieces/ha and a significant decrease in them in layers of 10–20 and 20–30 cm – by 10.4–13.2 and 8.1–8.4 million pieces/ha. The deepest non-moldboard cultivation provided the smallest potential clogging of the soil layer 0–5 cm – 24.4 and 22.3 million pieces/ha, which compared to non-moldboard cultivation with a depth of 13–15 and 6–8 cm is less by 0.6–1, 1 and 2.3–3.3 million pieces/ha. Substitution of plowing with non-moldboard cultivation increased the number and mass of weeds in corn crops mainly due to the group of early and late spring weeds. An insignificant change in these groups of weeds before plowing in terms of number (0.1–0.9 pieces/m2) and weight (2–24 g/m2) was observed during non-moldboard cultivation to a depth of 25–27 cm. In terms of actual weediness, the closest to the plowing option was the 25–27 cm deep non-moldboard cultivation. The difference between them was insignificant on the sidereal background in terms of the total number of weeds – 0.6–10.9 pieces/m2. Reducing the depth of non-moldboard cultivation contributed to a significant increase in the number of weeds in corn crops – by 5.0–9.1 pieces/m2 and their weight – by 98–207 g/m2, which led to a significant decrease in yield in the range of 0.5–0.8 t/ha. The highest yield of corn was obtained with the application of post-harvest green manure of oil radish on siderate and plowing (7.7 t/ha) and non-moldboard cultivation to a depth of 25–27 cm (7.9 t/ha). More effective control of potential and actual weeds through the use of stubble green fertilizer for oilseed radish and nonmoldboard cultivation with a depth of 25–27 cm contributed to obtaining the highest corn grain yield – 7.9 t/ha.
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