FORMATION OF NUTRITIONAL BALANCE IN GRAIN SORGHUM CROPS UNDER DIFFERENT FERTILIZER SYSTEMS

Keywords: grain sorghum, nutrients, system of fertilizers, uptake, balance

Abstract

For the first time in conditions of sufficient moisture of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine for growing grain sorghum on leached chernozem, an efficient fertilization system was substantiated, which forms a balanced balance of nutrients in the soil and provides grain yield over 8.5 t/ha. It was established that grain sorghum plants with grain yield removed mainly nitrogen from the soil, with by-product – mainly potassium. In the control without fertilizers, the removal of nitrogen with grain yield (6.09 t/ha) was 105 kg/ha, phosphorus – 24, potassium – 27, with stems yield (26.1 t/ha) – 58, 12 and 140 kg/ ha, respectively. When cultivating on leached chernozem, grain sorghum responded positively to the application of high doses of mineral fertilizers. Under the alienation of non-commodity part of crop yield from the field, application fertilizer at a dose of N120P120K120 provided grain yield of 7.91 t/ha, stems – 28.3 t/ha with an increase to the control without fertilizers – by 1.82 and 2.2 t/ha, respectively. At this dose of fertilizers grain sorghum plants removed from the soil with biological yield of nitrogen – 207 kg/ha, phosphorus – 46, potassium – 192 with an increase to control without fertilizers – by 40, 10 and 25 kg/ha, respectively. The use of an alternative organic-mineral fertilizer system contributed to further increase in grain sorghum yield. With the application of 4 t/ha straw + N120Р120К120, the grain yield was 8.54 t/ha, exceeding the control without fertilizers – by 2.45 t/ha. This fertilizer system ensured high economic efficiency of grain sorghum cultivation, but did not form a balanced balance of nutrients in the soil. With the application of 4 t/ha straw + N120Р120К120 nitrogen deficiency in the soil remained at the level of 74 kg/ha, potassium – 31 kg/ha with a positive phosphorus balance of 79 kg/ha. The most productive and ecologically stable was the fertilizer system, which based on leaving the non-marketable part of grain yield of sorghum crop in the field and provide applying 4 t/ha straw + N120Р120К120 under plowing in autumn. Under such conditions, a virtually deficient nitrogen balance was formed (-4 kg/ha) and significant reserves of phosphorus and potassium accumulated in the soil of 94 and 134 kg/ha, respectively. If the non-commodity part of the grain sorghum crop is left in the field, it is rational to apply only nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers under the alternative organic-mineral fertilizer system – 4 t/ha straw + N120P30. Such a fertilizer system will form a balanced balance of nutrients in the soil and significantly reduce fertilizer costs.

References

1. Abunyewa, A. A., Ferguson, R. B., Wortmann, C. S., & Mason, S. C. (2017). Grain sorghum nitrogen use as affected by planting practice and nitrogen rate. Journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 17(1), 155–166. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-95162017005000012
2. Arun, G., Kulamarva, V. R., Sosle, G.S., & Vijaya, R. (2009). Nutritional and Rheological Properties of Sorghum. International Journal of Food Properties, 12, 55–69. doi: 10.1080/10942910802252148
3. Assefa, Y., Staggenborg, S. A., & Prasad, P. V. (2010). Grain sorghum water requirement and responses to drought stress: A review. Online. Crop management, 9(1). doi: 10.1094/CM-2010-1109-01-RV
4. Bayu, W., Rethman, N. F. G., Hammes, P. S., & Alemu, G. (2006). Effects of Farmyard Manure and Inorganic Fertilizers on Sorghum Growth, Yield, and Nitrogen Use in a Semi-Arid Area of Ethiopia. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 29(2), 391–407. doi: 1080/01904160500320962
5. Bazalii, V. V., Boiko, M. O., Almashova, V. S., & Onyshchenko, S. O. (2015). Roslynnytski aspekty ta ahroekolohichni zasady vyroshchuvannia sorho zernovoho na Pivdni Ukrainy [Plant aspects and agroecological principles of grain sorghum cultivation in the South of Ukraine]. Taurian Scientific Bulletin, 91, 3–6 (in Ukrainian).
6. Bhutada, P. O., Aundhekar, R. L., & Mehtre, S. P. (2019). Effect of different fertilizer levels on yield of grain sorghum genotypes. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 7(3), 1872–1874.
7. Boiko, M. O. (2016). Analiz struktury vrozhaiu hibrydiv sorho zernovoho pry riznykh hustotakh posiviv za dvokh strokiv sivby. Ontohenez – stan problemy ta perspektyvy vyvchennia roslyn v kulturnykh ta pryrodnykh tsenozakh [Analysis of the grain structure structure of grain sorghum hybrids at different crop densities at two sowing dates. Ontogenesis – the state of the problem and prospects for the study of plants in cultural and natural coenoses]: Collection of abstracts of the international conference. RVTs «Kolos». Kherson. 79–80 (in Ukrainian).
8. Dremliuk, H. K., Hamadii, V. L., & Hamadii, I. V. (2013). Osnovni elementy tekhnolohii vyroshchuvannia sorho [The main elements of sorghum growing technology]. Handbook of Ukrainian farmer, 3, 274–277 (in Ukrainian).
9. Gebremariam, G., & Assefa, D. (2015). Nitrogen Fertilization Effect on Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Yield, Yield Components and Witchweed (Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth) Infestation in Northern Ethiopia. International Journal of Agricultural Research, 10, 14–23. doi: 10.3923/ijar.2015.14.23
10. Gupta, N., Gupta, A. K., Gaur, V. S., & Kumar, A. (2012). Relationship of nitrogen use efficiency with the activities of enzymes involved in nitrogen uptake and assimilation of finger millet genotypes grown under different nitrogen inputs. The Scientific World Journal, 10.
11. Hospodarenko, H. M., & Klymovych, P. V. (2006). Reaktsiia sorho zernovoho na udobrennia na chornozemi opidzolenomu [Reaction of grain sorghum to fertilizer on podzolic chernozem]. Collection of scientific works of Luhansk NAU, 69, 20–25 (in Ukrainian).
12. Hu, C., Zheng, C., Sadras, V. O., & Ding, M. (2018). Effect of straw mulch and seeding rate on the harvest index, yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat. Scientific reports, 8(1). doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-26615-x
13. Huang, Y., Chen, L., Fu, B., & Huang, Z. (2005). The wheat yields and water-use efficiency in the Loess Plateau: Straw mulch and irrigation effects. Agricultural Water Management, 72(3), 209–222. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2004.09.012
14. Karazhbei, H. M. (2012). Stan i perspektyvy sorho zernovoho v Ukraini [Status and prospects of grain sorghum in Ukraine]. Breeding and seed production, 101, 37–42 (in Ukrainian). doi: 10.30835/2413-7510.2012.59749
15. Kukh, M. V., & Sreda, V. Y. (2014). Vliianie udobrenia na urozhainost sortov sorho zernovoho [Effect of fertilizer on the yield of grain sorghum varieties]. Grain farming in Russia, 3, 21–27 (in Russian).
16. Kyzyn, V. V., & Yliuk, E. N. (2006). Ispolzovanie rasteniami i osobenosti transformatsii ammoniynoho i nitratnoho azota raznykh horizontov dernovo-podzolistoi pochvy [Use by plants and features of transformation of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in different horizons of soddy-podzolic soil]. Agrochemistry, 11, 3–9 (in Russian).
17. Lofton, J., Arnall, D. B., Sharma, S., & Nisly, C. (2019). Evaluating Starter Fertilizer Applications in Grain Sorghum Production. Agrosystems, geoscinces and environment, 2. doi: 10.2134/age2019.01.0004
18. Lu, X. (2020). A meta-analysis of the effects of crop residue return on crop yields and water use efficiency. PLoS ONE, 15(4). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231740
19. Lutsko, H. (2014). Sorho zernove: novyi pohliad na znaiomu kulturu [Grain sorghum: a new look at a familiar crop]. Proposition, 3, 68–70 (in Ukrainian).
20. Maccarthy, S. D., & Vlek, L. G. (2012). Impact of climate change on sorghum production under different nutrient and crop residue management in semi-arid region of China: modeling perspective. African Crop Science Journal, 20(2), 275–291. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267748129
21. Mahama, G. Y., Prasad, P. V., Mengel, D. B., & Tesso, T. T. (2014). Influence of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Grain Sorghum Hybrids and Inbred Lines. Agronomy Journal, 106(5), 1623–1630. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj14.0092
22. Maliarchuk, N. P., Maliarchuk, A. S., Luzhanskyi, I. Yu, Markovska, E. E., & Maliarchuk, V. N. (2019). Vplyv system osnovnoho obrobitku ta udobrennia na humusovyi stan gruntu i produktyvnist sorho zernovoho u sivozmini ta zroshenni [Influence of basic tillage and fertilization systems on soil humus condition and grain sorghum productivity in crop rotation and irrigation]. Bioresources and nature management, 1–2, 98–107 (in Ukrainian). doi: 10.31548/bio2019.01.011
23. Masebo, N., & Menamo, M. (2016). The Effect of Application of Different Rate of N-P Fertilizers Rate on Yield and Yield Components of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor): Case of Derashe Woreda, SNNPR, Ethiopia. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 6(5), 2224–3186.
24. Maslak, O. (2012). Stan i perspektyvy sorho zernovoho v Ukraini [Status and prospects of grain sorghum in Ukraine]. Agribusiness today, 11(234), 14 (in Ukrainian).
25. Melaku, N. D., Bayu, W., & Ziadat, F. (2018). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer rate and timing on sorghum productivity in Ethiopian highland Vertisols. Arch. Agronomy Soil Science, 64(4), 480–491. doi: 10.1080/03650340.2017.1362558
26. Pale, S., Mason, S. C., & Taonda, J. B. (2009). Water and fertilizer influence on yield of grain sorghum varieties produced in Burkina Faso. South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 26(2), 91–97. doi: 10.1080/02571862.2009.10639939
27. Pale, S., Taonda, S. J. B., Bougouma, B., & Mason, S. C. (2010). Water and fertilizer influence on sorghum grain quality for traditional beer (dolo) production in Burkina Faso. African Journal of Food Science, 4(11), 723–734. Access mode: http://www.academicjournals.org/ajfs
28. Sebnie, W., Mengesha, M., Girmay, G., Tesfaye, F., Asgedom, B., Beza, G., & Dejene, D. (2020). Evaluation of micro-dosing fertilizer application on sorghum (Sorghum bicholor L) production at Wag-Lasta Areas of Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Scientific Reports, 10, 6889. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63851-6
29. Zhang, P., Chen, X., Wei, T., Yang, Z., Jia, Z., Yang, B., Han, Q., & Ren, X. (2016). Effects of straw incorporation on the soil nutrient contents, enzyme activities, and crop yield in a semiarid region of China. Soil and Tillage Research, 160, 65–72. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2016.02.006
30. Zhukova, M. P., & Honchar-Zaikyn, P. P. (2002). Vybor i obosnovanie elementov tekhnolohii vozdelyvania sorho [Selection and justification of the elements of sorghum cultivation technology]. Feed production, 4, 22–24 (in Russian).
Published
2022-07-21
How to Cite
Ivanina, V. V., & Pashynska, K. L. (2022). FORMATION OF NUTRITIONAL BALANCE IN GRAIN SORGHUM CROPS UNDER DIFFERENT FERTILIZER SYSTEMS. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Agronomy and Biology, 47(1), 65-70. https://doi.org/10.32845/agrobio.2022.1.9