DEVELOPMENT OF THE DESIGN OF THE MECHANISM FOR AUTOMATED CUTTINGS SELECTION AND FEEDING IN ENERGY CULTURES PLANTERS
Keywords:
energy crops, energy willow, planter, feeding machine, planting machine, cuttings.
Abstract
One of the promising directions of the development of bioenergy is the cultivation of energy raw materials on plantations of fast-growing tree species, in particular, willows, poplars and other crops capable of easy restoration of the above-ground part after its cutting. The article analyzes modern trends in solving the problem of rapid expansion of the area of energy willow plantations, and it is found that one of the factors slowing down the process is insufficient development of the automation of technological processes. In particular, the growth of the productivity of planting units is hampered by the need for most technical solutions for the use of the planter’s labor. The paper sets an empirical task of developing an automated planter for plants planted with lignified cuttings. An analysis of existing technical solutions was carried out to develop a mechanism that would ensure uninterrupted and uniform supply of cuttings to the opener of the planter. Individual parameters were found experimentally, as a result of which the optimal angles of inclination of the walls of the slotted hopper, the rational width of the unloading window, which will ensure full and continuous unloading of cuttings in the absence of external forces (oscillations, vibrations, etc.) and with them, were found. On the basis of previous studies, a number of solutions were synthesized, which were used in the development of a new design of the cuttings unloading mechanism. The developed design of the mechanism for the automated supply of cuttings in the machine for planting energy willow is protected by a patent and embodied in a single-row section, the operation of which was tested in field conditions. This mechanism allows you to reduce the manual work of the planter to loading the slotted hopper with cuttings previously oriented in one direction, which, depending on the size of the slotted hopper, can be carried out at the ends of the furrow. The results obtained in the work can further serve to clarify and improve the machines that work with piece-by-piece selection of rod-like materials.
References
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17. Ivanyshyn, V., Yermakov, S., Ishchenko, T., Mudryk, K., Hutsol, T. (2020). Calculation algorithm for the dynamic coefficient of vibroviscosity and other properties of energy willow cuttings movement in terms of their unloading from the tanker. E3S Web of Conferences, 154, 04005. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015404005.
18. Kravchuk, V., Novokhatskyi, M., Kozhushko, M., Dumych, V., Zhurba, H. (2013). Na shliakhu do stvorennia plantatsii enerhetychnykh kultur [On the way to creating energy plantations]. Tekhnika i tekhnolohii APK [Agricultural machinery and technologies]. № 2 (41) (in Ukrainian).
19. Kucher, O.V., Yermakov, S.V. (2023). Metodolohiia marketynhovykh doslidzhen bioekonomichnykh protsesiv [Methodology of marketing research of bioeconomic processes]. Podilskyi visnyk: Silske hospodarstvo, tekhnika. [Podilsky Visnyk: agriculture, technology]. № 38. pp.132–139. https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2023-1.19 (in Ukrainian).
20. Kutz, L.J., Craven, J.B. (1994). Evaluation of photoelectric sensors for robotic transplantation. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 10 (1), pp.115–121.
21. Liu, K., Cheng G. and Kong, Z. (2019) Beidou agricultural machinery automatic driving software design, 2019 IEEE 4th Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC), pp. 1770–1775, https://doi.org/10.1109/IAEAC47372.2019.8997712.
22. Lys, S.S. (2009). Ohliad tekhnolohii hazyfikatsii derevyny [Review of wood gasification technology]. Naukovyi visnyk NLTU Ukrainy [Scientific Bulletin of the National Technical University of Ukraine]. Lviv (in Ukrainian).
23. Mao, H., Han, L., Hu, J., Kumi, F. (2014). Development of a pincette-type pick-up device for automatic transplanting of greenhouse seedlings. Applied engineering in agriculture, 30(4), pp. 547–556.
24. Manzone, M., Balsari, P. (2014). Planters performance during a very Short Rotation Coppice planting. Biomass and Bioenergy. V. 67, pp.188–192, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.04.029.
25. Mitkov, V., Kiurchev, S., Nurek, T., Chorna, T., Ihnatiev, Ye. (2021). Scientific bases of aggregation of combined units on the basis of an integrated tractor. Monograph. Warsaw.
26. Miwa, Y. (1991). Automation of plant tissue culture process. In Automation in biotechnology: a collection of contributions presented at the Fourth Toyota Conference, Aichi, Japan, Amsterdam: Elsevier.
27. Mudryk, K., Bendera, I., Jewiarz, M. (2017) Scientific achievements in agricultural engineering, agronomy and veterinary medicine: Polish-Ukrainian cooperation: scientific monograph. State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podilya, Agriculture University in Kraków, vol. I, Kraków, Traicon, 2017.
28. Mudryk K, Hutsol T., Ovcharuk O. (2021) Określenie rozłożenia pędów wierzby energetycznej [Determining the distribution of energy willow cuttings]. Trends and challenges of modern agricultural science. Kyiv. pp. 20–22 (in Polish).
29. Roik, M.V., Sinchenko, V.M., Fuchylo, Y.D. (2015). Energety’chna verba: texnologiya vy’roshhuvannya ta vy’kory’stannya [Energy willow: cultivation technology and usage)]. LLC “Nilan-LTD”, Vinnitsa. 340 p. (in Ukrainian).
30. Sinchenko, V., Fuchylo, Ya., Humentyk, M. (2015). Koryhuvannia dlia verby [Adjustments for willow]. The Ukrainian Farmer (in Ukrainian).
31. Talagai, N., Marcu, M.V., Zimbalatti, G., Proto, A.R., Borz, S.A. (2020). Productivity in partly mechanized planting operations of willow short rotation coppice. Biomass and Bioenergy. V. 138, 105609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe. 2020.105609.
32. Voitiuk, D.H., Yatsun, S.S., Dovzhyk, M.Ia. (2008). Silskohospodarski mashyny: osnovy teorii ta rozrakhunku. [Agricultural machines: basics of theory and calculation]. Sumy: VTD Universytetska knyha. 543p. (in Ukrainian).
33. Willowpedia. Retrieved: https://www.youtube.com/user/Willowpedia. Access: 20.10.2021.
34. Yermakov, S. (2017). Kierunki optymizacji maszyn dla sadzenia wierzby energetycznej [Directions for optimizing machines for planting energy willow]. Skróty referetów i posterów Konferencji Naukowej pt. Inżyneria produkcji rolniczej i leśnej [Abbreviations of papers and posters of the Scientific Conference entitled: Agricultural and forestry production engineering]. Warszawa, 8-9 czzerwca 2017. pp. 75–77. (in Polish).
35. Yermakov, S.V. (2017). Prospects for improvement of constructions for planting energy crops cuttings. Podilian Bulletin: agriculture, engineering, economics. V. 2. pp. 37–45.
36. Yermakov, S. (2019). Application of the laplace transform to calculate the velocity of a two-phase fluid modulated by the movement of cuttings of an energy willow (Salix Viminalis). Теka. Quarterly journal of agri-food industry. V. 2. pp. 71–78.
37. Yermakov, S.V., Hutsol, T.D. (2018). Features of the heterogeneous rood-like materials outflow (by example of energy willow cutting). Technological and methodological aspects of agri-food engineering in young scientist research, pp. 55–68.
38. Yermakov S.V., Hutsol T.D. (2021). Investigation of the process of gravitational unloading of energy willow cuttings in the conditions of static and dynamic arches. Engineering of nature management, Vip. 3, pp. 97–109.
39. Yermakov, S.V., Hutsol, T.D., Garasymchuk, I.D., Vusatyi, M.V. (2022). Patterns of the movement of rod-form materials in the process of their pumping out of hopper. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Mechanization and Automation of Production Processes, V. 2 (48), pp. 21–27 https://doi.org/10.32845/msnau.2022.2.4.
40. Yermakov, S.V., Hutsol, T.D., Potapskyj, P.V., Garasymchuk, I.D. (2021). Structuring the process of automation of planting plants of energy willow. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Mechanization and Automation of Production Processes, V. 3 (45), pp. 10–17. https://doi.org/10.32845/msnau.2021.3.2.
41. Yermakov, S.V., Hutsol, T.D., Mykhailova, L.M. (2021). Rozrakhunkovi formuly vyznachennia shvydkosti vyvantazhennia zhyvtsiv enerhetychnoi verby z tochky zoru hidrodynamichnykh bahatofaznykh system [Calculation formulas for determining the rate of discharge of energy willow cuttings from the point of view of hydrodynamic multiphase systems]. Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics, V. 34 (in Ukrainian).
42. Yermakov, S.V., Hutsol, T.D. (2021). Strukturuvannia protsesu avtomatyzatsii sadinnia zhyvtsiv enerhetychnoi verby [Structuring the process of automation of planting plants of energy willow]. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University, V. 3 (45) (in Ukrainian).
43. Yermakov, S, Tulej, M., Tulej, W., Shevchuk, I. (2018). Analiz konstruktsiy avtomativ sadinnia [Construction analysis means of plantingі automation]. Trends and prospects for the development of science and education in the conditions of globalization. V. 34. Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi. pp. 615–619 (in Ukrainian).
44. Zaika, P.M. (2011). Teoriia silskohospodarskykh mashyn. T. 1 (4.1). Mashyny ta znariaddia dlia obrobitku gruntu. [Theory of agricultural machines. T.1 (4.1). Machines and tools for soil cultivation]. Kharkiv: Oko. 444 (in Ukrainian).
45. Zyma, I.M., Maliutin, T.T. (2006). Mekhanizatsiia lisohospodarskykh robit [Mechanization of forestry works]. Kyiv: INKOS. 488 p. (in Ukrainian).
2. Aijun, G., Xiaoyu, L., Jialin, H., Zhilong, Z., Ji, Z., Jun, C. (2018). Design and experiment of automatic directing garlic planter. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2018, 34(11). pp. 17–25. https://doi.org/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.003.
3. Appavoo, I., Marionneau, A., Berducat, M., Merckx, B., Olivier, N. (2016). A high yield automatic tree planting machine. 5th International Conference on Machine Control & Guidance MCG 2016, Vichy, France. p. 5.
4. Bendera, I.M., Rozdorozhniuk, P.I., Tkach, O.V. (2011). Proektuvannia mekhanizovanykh tekhnolohichnykh protsesiv u roslynnytstvi [Design of mechanized technological processes in crop production]. Kamianets-Podilskyi: FOP Sysyn O.V. 556 p (in Ukrainian).
5. Buchholz, T., Volk, T.A. (2011). Improving the Profitability of Willow Crops–Identifying Opportunities with a Crop Budget Model. Bioenerg. Res. 4, pp. 85–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-010-9103-5.
6. Huk, Ya.V. (2021). Vykorystannia pobichnoi produktsii kukurudzy v enerhetychnykh tsiliakh. [Use of corn by-products for energy purposes]. Perspektyvy rozvytku terytorii: teoriia i praktyka [Prospects for the development of territories: theory and practice]. Kharkiv: KhNUMH. pp. 363–367. (in Ukrainian).
7. Borys, M.M., Yermakov, S.V. (2017). Perspektyvy avtomatyzatsii sadinnia zhyvtsiv enerhetychnykh kultur [Prospects for automation of planting cuttings of energy crops]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Mizhnarodnoi naukovoi konferentsii [Collection of scientific works of the international conference]. Kamianets-Podilskyi, 2017. pp. 23–26. (in Ukrainian).
8. Bush, C., Volk, T.A., Eisenbies H. (2015). Planting rates and delays during the establishment of willow biomass crops. Biomass and Bioenergy. V. 83, pp. 290–296 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.10.008.
9. Dziedzic, K., Łapczyńska-Kordon, B., Mudryk, K. (2017). Decision support systems to establish plantations of energy crops on the example of willow (Salix Viminalis L.). Scientific achievements in agricultural engineering, agronomy and veterinary medicine polish ukrainian cooperation. Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 150–160.
10. Edelfeldt, S., Verwijst, T., Lundkvist, A., Forkman, J. (2013). Effects of mechanical planting on establishment and early growth of willow. Biomass and Bioenergy. V. 55, P. 234–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.02.018.
11. Ericsson, K., Rosenqvist, H., Ganko, E., Pisarek, M., Nilsson, L. (2006). An agro-economic analysis of willow cultivation in Poland. Biomass and Bioenergy. V. 30, Issue 1, pp. 16-27 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.09.002.
12. Frączek, J., Mudryk, K. (2005). Jakości sadzonek wierzby energetycznej w aspekcie sadzenia mechanicznego [Quality of energy willow seedlings in terms of mechanical planting]. Inżynieria Rolnicza [Agricultural Engineering], 6 (66), pp.159-167 (in Polish).
13. Galle, D.T. (2012). Development of an automated precision planter for establishment of Miscanthus giganteus. Purdue University. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2012. 10156261.
14. Hutsol, T., Glowacki, S., Mudryk, K. (2021). Agrobiomass of Ukraine – Energy Potential of Central and Eastern Europe (Engineering, Technology, Innovation, Economics). Monograph. Warsaw.
15. Hutsol, T., Yermakov, S., Firman, Ju., Duganets, V., Bodnar, A. (2018). Analysis of technical solutions of planting machines, which can be used in planting energy willow Renewable Energy Sources. Engineering, Technology, Innovation. pp. 99–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13888-2_10.
16. Ivanyshyn V.V., Yermakov S.V., Hutsol T.D., Mykhailova L.M., Kucher O.V. Avtomat podachi zhyvtsiv enerhetychnoi verby u soshnyk [Automatic feeding of energy willow cuttings into the coulter]. Patent Ukrainy № 152256. 11.01.2023 (in Ukrainian).
17. Ivanyshyn, V., Yermakov, S., Ishchenko, T., Mudryk, K., Hutsol, T. (2020). Calculation algorithm for the dynamic coefficient of vibroviscosity and other properties of energy willow cuttings movement in terms of their unloading from the tanker. E3S Web of Conferences, 154, 04005. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015404005.
18. Kravchuk, V., Novokhatskyi, M., Kozhushko, M., Dumych, V., Zhurba, H. (2013). Na shliakhu do stvorennia plantatsii enerhetychnykh kultur [On the way to creating energy plantations]. Tekhnika i tekhnolohii APK [Agricultural machinery and technologies]. № 2 (41) (in Ukrainian).
19. Kucher, O.V., Yermakov, S.V. (2023). Metodolohiia marketynhovykh doslidzhen bioekonomichnykh protsesiv [Methodology of marketing research of bioeconomic processes]. Podilskyi visnyk: Silske hospodarstvo, tekhnika. [Podilsky Visnyk: agriculture, technology]. № 38. pp.132–139. https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2023-1.19 (in Ukrainian).
20. Kutz, L.J., Craven, J.B. (1994). Evaluation of photoelectric sensors for robotic transplantation. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 10 (1), pp.115–121.
21. Liu, K., Cheng G. and Kong, Z. (2019) Beidou agricultural machinery automatic driving software design, 2019 IEEE 4th Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC), pp. 1770–1775, https://doi.org/10.1109/IAEAC47372.2019.8997712.
22. Lys, S.S. (2009). Ohliad tekhnolohii hazyfikatsii derevyny [Review of wood gasification technology]. Naukovyi visnyk NLTU Ukrainy [Scientific Bulletin of the National Technical University of Ukraine]. Lviv (in Ukrainian).
23. Mao, H., Han, L., Hu, J., Kumi, F. (2014). Development of a pincette-type pick-up device for automatic transplanting of greenhouse seedlings. Applied engineering in agriculture, 30(4), pp. 547–556.
24. Manzone, M., Balsari, P. (2014). Planters performance during a very Short Rotation Coppice planting. Biomass and Bioenergy. V. 67, pp.188–192, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.04.029.
25. Mitkov, V., Kiurchev, S., Nurek, T., Chorna, T., Ihnatiev, Ye. (2021). Scientific bases of aggregation of combined units on the basis of an integrated tractor. Monograph. Warsaw.
26. Miwa, Y. (1991). Automation of plant tissue culture process. In Automation in biotechnology: a collection of contributions presented at the Fourth Toyota Conference, Aichi, Japan, Amsterdam: Elsevier.
27. Mudryk, K., Bendera, I., Jewiarz, M. (2017) Scientific achievements in agricultural engineering, agronomy and veterinary medicine: Polish-Ukrainian cooperation: scientific monograph. State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podilya, Agriculture University in Kraków, vol. I, Kraków, Traicon, 2017.
28. Mudryk K, Hutsol T., Ovcharuk O. (2021) Określenie rozłożenia pędów wierzby energetycznej [Determining the distribution of energy willow cuttings]. Trends and challenges of modern agricultural science. Kyiv. pp. 20–22 (in Polish).
29. Roik, M.V., Sinchenko, V.M., Fuchylo, Y.D. (2015). Energety’chna verba: texnologiya vy’roshhuvannya ta vy’kory’stannya [Energy willow: cultivation technology and usage)]. LLC “Nilan-LTD”, Vinnitsa. 340 p. (in Ukrainian).
30. Sinchenko, V., Fuchylo, Ya., Humentyk, M. (2015). Koryhuvannia dlia verby [Adjustments for willow]. The Ukrainian Farmer (in Ukrainian).
31. Talagai, N., Marcu, M.V., Zimbalatti, G., Proto, A.R., Borz, S.A. (2020). Productivity in partly mechanized planting operations of willow short rotation coppice. Biomass and Bioenergy. V. 138, 105609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe. 2020.105609.
32. Voitiuk, D.H., Yatsun, S.S., Dovzhyk, M.Ia. (2008). Silskohospodarski mashyny: osnovy teorii ta rozrakhunku. [Agricultural machines: basics of theory and calculation]. Sumy: VTD Universytetska knyha. 543p. (in Ukrainian).
33. Willowpedia. Retrieved: https://www.youtube.com/user/Willowpedia. Access: 20.10.2021.
34. Yermakov, S. (2017). Kierunki optymizacji maszyn dla sadzenia wierzby energetycznej [Directions for optimizing machines for planting energy willow]. Skróty referetów i posterów Konferencji Naukowej pt. Inżyneria produkcji rolniczej i leśnej [Abbreviations of papers and posters of the Scientific Conference entitled: Agricultural and forestry production engineering]. Warszawa, 8-9 czzerwca 2017. pp. 75–77. (in Polish).
35. Yermakov, S.V. (2017). Prospects for improvement of constructions for planting energy crops cuttings. Podilian Bulletin: agriculture, engineering, economics. V. 2. pp. 37–45.
36. Yermakov, S. (2019). Application of the laplace transform to calculate the velocity of a two-phase fluid modulated by the movement of cuttings of an energy willow (Salix Viminalis). Теka. Quarterly journal of agri-food industry. V. 2. pp. 71–78.
37. Yermakov, S.V., Hutsol, T.D. (2018). Features of the heterogeneous rood-like materials outflow (by example of energy willow cutting). Technological and methodological aspects of agri-food engineering in young scientist research, pp. 55–68.
38. Yermakov S.V., Hutsol T.D. (2021). Investigation of the process of gravitational unloading of energy willow cuttings in the conditions of static and dynamic arches. Engineering of nature management, Vip. 3, pp. 97–109.
39. Yermakov, S.V., Hutsol, T.D., Garasymchuk, I.D., Vusatyi, M.V. (2022). Patterns of the movement of rod-form materials in the process of their pumping out of hopper. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Mechanization and Automation of Production Processes, V. 2 (48), pp. 21–27 https://doi.org/10.32845/msnau.2022.2.4.
40. Yermakov, S.V., Hutsol, T.D., Potapskyj, P.V., Garasymchuk, I.D. (2021). Structuring the process of automation of planting plants of energy willow. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Mechanization and Automation of Production Processes, V. 3 (45), pp. 10–17. https://doi.org/10.32845/msnau.2021.3.2.
41. Yermakov, S.V., Hutsol, T.D., Mykhailova, L.M. (2021). Rozrakhunkovi formuly vyznachennia shvydkosti vyvantazhennia zhyvtsiv enerhetychnoi verby z tochky zoru hidrodynamichnykh bahatofaznykh system [Calculation formulas for determining the rate of discharge of energy willow cuttings from the point of view of hydrodynamic multiphase systems]. Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics, V. 34 (in Ukrainian).
42. Yermakov, S.V., Hutsol, T.D. (2021). Strukturuvannia protsesu avtomatyzatsii sadinnia zhyvtsiv enerhetychnoi verby [Structuring the process of automation of planting plants of energy willow]. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University, V. 3 (45) (in Ukrainian).
43. Yermakov, S, Tulej, M., Tulej, W., Shevchuk, I. (2018). Analiz konstruktsiy avtomativ sadinnia [Construction analysis means of plantingі automation]. Trends and prospects for the development of science and education in the conditions of globalization. V. 34. Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi. pp. 615–619 (in Ukrainian).
44. Zaika, P.M. (2011). Teoriia silskohospodarskykh mashyn. T. 1 (4.1). Mashyny ta znariaddia dlia obrobitku gruntu. [Theory of agricultural machines. T.1 (4.1). Machines and tools for soil cultivation]. Kharkiv: Oko. 444 (in Ukrainian).
45. Zyma, I.M., Maliutin, T.T. (2006). Mekhanizatsiia lisohospodarskykh robit [Mechanization of forestry works]. Kyiv: INKOS. 488 p. (in Ukrainian).
Published
2023-12-27
How to Cite
Yermakov, S. V. (2023). DEVELOPMENT OF THE DESIGN OF THE MECHANISM FOR AUTOMATED CUTTINGS SELECTION AND FEEDING IN ENERGY CULTURES PLANTERS. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Mechanization and Automation of Production Processes, (4 (54), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.32782/msnau.2023.4.4
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