IMPROVING THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF GARDEN ROW CARE
Abstract
Horticulture is a separate branch of agricultural production; therefore, it requires special conditions for both technological operations and equipment. For the most part, the equipment that is intended for growing field crops does not ensure the high-quality performance of maintenance operations in horticulture. So, for mowing grass in the rows of gardens, mowers must ensure not only the uniformity of the cut but also the grinding up of the mass and the prevention of damage to trees. The lack of means of mechanization, in particular mowers, which are able to perform the technological process in accordance with agrotechnical requirements, to ensure a high-quality cut, shredding and movement of mass into the trunk strip negatively affects the productivity of gardens and the competitiveness of this industry. The article analyses the current state of horticulture in Ukraine and the Sumy region, which indicated the insufficient competitiveness of our horticulture with the horticulture of Western European countries. The conducted analysis of the methods of maintaining the rows of gardens showed the expediency of using the method of maintaining the rows of gardens by liming. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that to ensure the mowing of grass in the rows and the possibility of mulching the trunk strip during mowing, it is advisable to use a rotary mower with a rotary cutting device with a vertical axis of rotation. Theoretical studies were conducted to determine the basic parameters of the blade, the shape of the blade for the improvement of the mower, and the equation of motion of the stem particle along the blade was obtained. Conducted studies to determine the effect on the uniformity of the cutting height of different types of rotor blades and studies to determine the deviation of the average and maximum stubble height from the given cutting height also indicate the feasibility of using curved rotor blades. The influence of the geometric parameters of the blade on the flight range of plant mass particles was determined. A rational blade curvature angle was chosen. The average value of the coverage width of the trunk strip and the uniformity of mulching between the rows and the trunk strip when using an improved mower were determined experimentally.
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