STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF GENOTYPICAL FACTORS ON THE QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF MILK

Abstract

Improving the quality characteristics of dairy cheese is an important component of increasing the profitability of the dairy industry. For this purpose, scientists recommend a number of selection measures aimed at increasing the content of fat and protein in milk. Among the main directions of improvement of the dairy herd is the use of breeders evaluated for the quality of the offspring, which have a high breeding value. This issue becomes especially important with the increase in the use of imported breeders and the reduction in the use of domestic breeders. In order to fulfill the set goal, research was carried out in the state breeding plant of the SE "Research Farm of the Institute of Agriculture of the Northeast of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine", Sumy District, on animals of the Ukrainian black and spotted dairy breed. The object of the study was milk samples from a group of cows of the above-mentioned breeds. Quality indicators of milk were studied according to generally accepted methods. Qualitative indicators – the content of fat, protein, dry matter, dry skimmed milk residue, were determined by the method of ultrasonic diagnostics on the milk quality analyzer "Ekomilk" type Milkana KAM 98-2A. The origin of animals by father and lineal affiliation was determined according to the data of the primary zootechnical record using the SUMS "ORSEK" program. According to the obtained results, it was established that there is a statistically significant difference in the content of the main components of milk between animals of different genealogical lines. The Chief 1427381 cows dominate the milk fat content with a statistically significant difference. While the Starbuck 352790 cows dominate the protein content. The Chief 1427381 cows dominate the average dry matter content in the milk, while the Starbuck 352790 cows have the highest average dry matter content skimmed milk residue. A more significant difference is established between animals of different parentage. Daughters of breeders Bugatti 538441328, Chifa line 1427381 and Levits 356447182 line Eleveishna 1491007 were distinguished by the highest content of fat in milk. Daughters of breeder Fawn 356552537 of Eleveishna line 1491007 were distinguished by the lowest average content of fat in milk. Cows originating from breeders Shake 580694289 of Starbuck line 352790 had a higher protein content and protein content higher than 3.00%. Matis 103439288 of the Chief line 1427381 and Detectives 349159846 of the Starbuck line 352790. Daughters of the breeder Faun 356552537 of the Eleveishna line 1491007 were distinguished by the lowest protein content in milk. The results obtained by us testify to the possibility of improving the qualitative characteristics of milk productivity through selection work.