ACTIVITY OF THE BREEDING PART OF THE DAIRY BREEDS OF UKRAINE IN THE TEMPORAL DYNAMICS
Abstract
The breeding base of dairy cattle is represented by breeds of various directions of productivity, which are located in all natural and climatic zones (forest-steppe, polissya and steppe) of Ukraine. Some of them are local with a limited number of animals; others are spread over the entire territory of the country. Therefore, there is a constant question of monitoring the number of breeding animals of dairy breeds, as well as establishing the level of milk productivity of cows on average for the population and its dynamics over certain times periods. The informative State breeding register of breeding subjects in animal husbandry (State breeding register) with relevant indicators appears to help in solving this issue. Research has established that for the period from 2002 to 2022, the number of breeding animals and the level of the main breeding trait of both cross-border (Ayrshire, Angler, Holstein, Jersey, Swiss) and domestic (Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle, Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle, Ukrainian Red Dairy cattle, Ukrainian Brown Dairy cattle) has certain differences. The maximum amplitude of the number of the breeding part of the population and the average milk yield of cows in domestic breeds has the following values: Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle – 293696 cows in 2002 and 8158 kg of milk in 2022; Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle – 125955 heads in 2002 and 8816 kg in 2022; Ukrainian Brown Dairy cattle – 4566 kg in 2002 and 6456 kg in 2022; Ukrainian Red Dairy cattle – 36887 heads in 2006 and 6832 kg in 2022. It was also established that in terms of numbers in the Ayrshire and Ukrainian Red Dairy breeds, the wave-like values with stability in recent years were noted. In domestic breeds, namely in the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle, the reduction is 93662 heads or a decrease of 3,9 times, the Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle by 173050 heads or 2,4 times and the Ukrainian Brown Dairy cattle by 3295 heads or 3,6 times. According to the average milk yield of cows in all breeds, there is a positive trend of increasing its level. The greatest increase in milk yield during the studied period is typical for cows of the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle (+4904 kg or by 56%), Swiss (+4401 kg or by 51%) and Ayrshire (+4299 kg or by 60%) cows. A slight difference in milk yield between years is observed in cows of the Angler (+362 kg or 9%) and Jersey (+253 kg or 4%) breeds.
References
2. Admin, O. Ye., Admina, N. H., Rusko, N. P. (2023). Vplyv henotypu batka na produktyvnist koriv ta imovirnist yikh zakhvoriuvannia na mastyt za riznykh tekhnolohii utrymannia [The influence of the father's genotype on the productivity of cows and the probability of their disease with mastitis under different husbandry technologies]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn. Kyiv, no. 65. pp. 15–26. (in Ukrainian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.65.02
3. Fedorovych, Ye. I., Fyl, S. I., Bodnar, P. V. (2019). Kharakterystyka rodyn koriv z urakhuvanniam rivnia yikh nadoiu ta pleminnoi tsinnosti [Characteristics of cow families, taking into account the level of their reliability and breeding value]. Tvarynnytstvo ta tekhnolohii kharchovykh produktiv. Kyiv, no. 10. 2. pp. 51–60. (in Ukrainian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31548/animal2019.02.051
4. Fyl, S. I., Fedorovych, Ye. I., Bodnar, P. V. (2018). Vidtvoriuvalna zdatnist koriv ta yikh nashchadkiv riznykh pokolin [Reproductive capacity of cows and their offspring of different generations]. Naukovyi visnyk LNAVM imeni S.Z. Hzhytskoho. Lviv. no. 20. 89. pp. 114–121. (in Ukrainian). DOI:https://doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet8921
5. Habibi E., Qasimi M., Ahmadzai N., Stanikzai N. and Sakha M. (2021). Effect of Season and Lactation Number on Milk Production of Holstein Friesian Cows in Kabul Bini-Hesar Dairy Farm. Open Journal of Animal Sciences. no. 11. pp. 369–375. DOI:https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2021.113026.
6. Imbayarwo-Chikosi V. E., Dzama K., Halimani T. E., van Wyk J. B., Maiwashe A., Banga C. B. (2015). Genetic prediction models and heritability estimates for functional longevity in dairy cattle. South African Journal of Animal Science. no. 45. 2. pp. 106–121. DOI:https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v45i2.1
7. Khmelnychyi, L. M., Karpenko, B. M. (2021). Osoblyvosti ekster’ieru koriv chorno-riaboi khudoby riznoho pokhodzhennia za promiramy ta indeksamy budovy tila [Peculiarities of the exterior of black and spotted cattle cows of different origin according to body measurements and indices]. Visnyk Sumskoho natsionalnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. Seriia «Tvarynnytstvo». Sumy, no. 4 (47). pp. 24–32. (in Ukrainian). DOI:https://doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.lvst.2019.4.5
8. Khmelnychyi, L. M., Vechorka, V. V. (2019). Formuvannia oznak molochnoi produktyvnosti koriv ukrainskoi chornoriaboi molochnoi porody pid vplyvom henetychnykh chynnykiv [Formation of signs of milk productivity of cows of the Ukrainian black and spotted dairy breed under the influence of genetic factors]. Visnyk Sumskoho natsionalnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. Seriia «Tvarynnytstvo». Sumy, no. 3(38). pp. 62–72. (in Ukrainian). DOI:https://doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.lvst.2019.3.9
9. Kruhliak, T. O., Kruhliak, P. A., Kruhliak, O. V., Kruhliak, A. P. (2022). Metody formuvannia vysokoproduktyvnykh rodyn pry vyvedenni zavodskoi linii Lidera 1926780 [Methods of forming highly productive families when breeding the factory line Leader 1926780]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn. Kyiv, no. 63. pp. 55–62. (in Ukrainian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.63.06
10. Ladyka, V. I., Vechorka, V. V., Kuchkova, T. P., Skliarenko, Yu. I., Pavlenko, Yu. M. (2023). Henealohichna struktura ukrainskoi buroi molochnoi porody [Genealogical structure of the Ukrainian brown dairy breed]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn. Kyiv, no. 65. pp. 90–106. (in Ukrainian). DOI:https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.65.09
11. Orikhivskyi, T. V., Fedorovych, V. V., Mazur, N. P. (2019). Otsinka vidtvoriuvalnoi zdatnosti koriv riznykh vyrobnychykh typiv symentalskoi porody [Evaluation of the reproductive capacity of cows of different production types of the Simmental breed]. Naukovyi visnyk LNAVM imeni S.Z. Hzhytskoho. Lviv. no. 21. 91. pp. 111–115. (in Ukrainian). DOI:https://doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-а9120
12. Pochukalin, A. Ye. (2022). Stan tvarynnytstva Ukrainy: monitorynh za 2021 rik [The state of livestock breeding in Ukraine: monitoring for 2021]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn. Kyiv, no. 64. pp. 69–83. (in Ukrainian). DOI:https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.64.07
13. Pochukalin, A. Ye., Pryima, S. V. (2022). Selektsiine nadbannia molochnoho skotarstva Ukrainy – ukrainska biloholova poroda [The Ukrainian white-headed breed is a breeding asset of dairy cattle breeding in Ukraine. Animal breeding and genetics]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn. Kyiv, no. 64. pp. 179–200. (in Ukrainian). DOI:https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.64.17
14. Polupan, Yu. P., Melnyk, Yu. F., Biriukova, O. D., Pryima, S. V., Mitiohlo, L. V. (2022). Rist, vidtvoriuvalna zdatnist i produktyvnist koriv riznykh porid, metodiv pidboru i pokhodzhennia za batkom [Growth, reproductive capacity and productivity of cows of different breeds, methods of selection and origin by father]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn. Kyiv, no. 63. pp. 91–119. (in Ukrainian). DOI:https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.63.09
15. Polupan, Yu. P., Pryima, S. V. (2023). Dynamika ekster’iernykh osoblyvostei pervistok molochnykh porid [Dynamics of exterior characteristics of firstborns of dairy breeds]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn. Kyiv, no. 65, pp. 107–127. (in Ukrainian). DOI:https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.65.10
16. Polupan, Yu. P., Stavetska, R. V., Siriak, V. A. (2021). Vplyv henetychnykh chynnykiv na tryvalist ta efektyvnist dovichnoho vykorystannia molochnykh koriv [The influence of genetic factors on the duration and efficiency of the lifelong use of dairy cows]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn. Kyiv, no. 61. pp. 90–106. (in Ukrainian). DOI:https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.61.11
17. Pryima, S. V. (2022). Vyznachennia pleminnoi tsinnosti ta prepotentnosti buhaiv molochnykh porid [Determining the breeding value and predominance of dairy bulls]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn. Kyiv, no. 63. pp. 120–135. (in Ukrainian). DOI:https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.63.10
18. Pysarenko, A. V., Buiuklu, M. I., Suchkov, I. A., Dubynskyi, O. L., Noskova, A. M. (2020). Efektyvnist rozvedennia velykoi rohatoi khudoby pivdennoho typu ukrainskoi chorno-riaboi molochnoi porody [The effectiveness of breeding cattle of the southern type of the Ukrainian black and spotted dairy breed]. Naukovyi visnyk «Askaniia-Nova». no. 13. pp. 198–211. (in Ukrainian). DOI:https://doi.org/10.33694/2617-0787-2020-1-13-198-211
19. Ruban, S. Yu., Fedota, O. M., Matvieiev, M. A., Martynova, M. Ye. (2018). Stan pleminnoho tvarynnytstva ta napriamy selektsii v molochnomu skotarstvi Ukrainy [The state of breeding livestock and directions of selection in dairy cattle breeding of Ukraine]. Naukovyi visnyk Natsionalnoho universytetu bioresursiv i pryrodokorystuvannia Ukrainy. Seriia „Tekhnolohiia vyrobnytstva i pererobky produktsii tvarynnytstva”. Kyiv, 289. pp. 51–62. (in Ukrainian).
20. Shcherbatiuk, N. V., Shuplyk, V. V. (2022). Vplyv riznykh faktoriv na molochnu produktyvnist koriv [The influence of various factors on milk productivity of cows]. Tavriiskyi naukovyi visnyk. Seriia: Silskohospodarski nauky. no. 127. pp. 315–321. DOI:https://doi.org/10.32851/2226-0099.2022,127.39
21. Stavetska, R. V., Dynko, Yu. P., Bushtruk, M. V., Starostenko I. S., Babenko, O. I., Klopenko, N. I. (2019). Liniina klasyfikatsiia ekster’iernoho typu pervistok ukrainskoi chorno-riaboi molochnoi porody zalezhno vid typu konstytutsii [Linear classification of the exterior type of first-borns of the Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed depending on the type of constitution]. Tekhnolohiia vyrobnytstva i pererobky produktsii tvarynnytstva. Kyiv, no. 1. pp. 43–49. (in Ukrainian). DOI:https://doi.10.33245/2310-9289-2019-147-1-24-34
22. Voitenko, S. L., Hladii, M. V., Porkhun, M. H., Sydorenko, O. V., Tsybenko, V. H. (2021). Airshyrska poroda v umovakh Ukrainy [Ayrshire breed in the conditions of Ukraine]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn. Kyiv, no. 62. pp. 21-30. (in Ukrainian). DOI:https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.62.05
ISSN 
ISSN 
