Особливості екстер’єрного типу корів бурої худоби сумського регіону оцінених за методикою лінійної класифікації
Ключові слова:
лебединська, українська бура молочна, бура швіцька, екстер’єрний тип, лінійна класифікація, кореляція, тип
Анотація
Дослідження корів-первісток лебединської, української бурої молочної, бурої швіцької, оцінених за методикою лінійної класифікації проведено на поголів’ї тварин Сумського регіону. Встановлена міжпородна мінливість за оцінкою 100-бальної системи лінійної класифікації та за 18 описовими ознаками 9-бальної шкали. Ознаки молочного типу краще виражені у корів швіцької породи (83,5 балу) проти 80,4 і 81,8 балу у ровесниць лебединської та української бурої молочної. Ознаки тулуба корів не відрізнялися істотною мінливістю при порівнянні піддослідних порід і знаходилися у межах похибки середньої величини (83,6-83,9 балу). Середня оцінка корів-первісток бурої швіцької породи за морфологічними ознаками вимені на рівні 83,1 балу перевищувала оцінки тварин лебединської (80,4 балу) та української бурої молочної (81,8 балу) порід. Описові ознаки на відміну від групових відрізняються істотним рівнем мінливості, незалежно від оцінюваної породи. Встановлено високі та достовірні зв’язки між оцінкою групових ознак та величиною надою за першу лактацію, які характеризують молочний тип (0,222-0,433; (Р<0,001), розвиток тулуба (0,392-0,412; Р<0,001) та вим’я (0,364-0,484; Р<0,001). Коефіцієнти кореляцій між фінальною оцінкою типу та надоєм становили у тварин піддослідних порід у межах 0,377-0,378 (Р<0,001). Додатна кореляція спостерігалася майже за усіма окремими описовими ознаками екстер’єру та надоєм у межах піддослідних порід за виключенням глибини вимені (-0,119…-0,085), довжини дійок (-0,044…-0,115) і вгодованості (-0,256…-0,303). За результатами лінійної оцінки корів бурих порід кращі показники екстер’єрного типу виявились у корів бурої швіцької породи, які характеризують її як спеціалізовану молочну. Лебединська худоба за ознаками лінійної класифікації наближається до комбінованого типу, а українська бура молочна займає проміжну позицію між оцінками лебединської та швіцької порід з характерними ознаками молочного типу.
Посилання
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2. Burkat, V. P., Polupan, Yu. P. and Yovenko, I. V., 2004. Liniina otsinka koriv za typom [Linear estimation of cows by type]. Kyiv: Ahrarna nauka.
3. Hrinkevych, L. Z., 2004. Vzaiemozviazok mizh produktyvnistiu i morfofunktsionalnymy vlastyvostiamy vymeni koriv holshtynizovanoho typu chervonoi molochnoi porody [Relationship between productivity and morphofunctional traits of udder of Holsteinized cows of Red dairy breed]. Tavriiskyi naukovyi visnyk. Kherson, issue 36, pp. 101-104.
4. Ladyka, V. I. 2004., Metody stvorennia, suchasnyi stan ta shliakhy podalshoho udoskonalennia buroi molochnoi porody. Derzhavna knyha pleminnykh tvaryn burykh porid velykoi rohatoi khudoby [Methods of creation, current state and ways of further improvement of Brown dairy breed. State book of breeding animals Brown cattle breeds]. Kyiv: „PPNV”.
5. Ladyka, V. I., Pavlenko, Yu. M. and Sukharieva, A. V., 2017. Vplyv liniinoi nalezhnosti na riven produktyvnosti koriv ukrainskoi buroi molochnoi porody [Influence of linear affiliation on the productivity level of Ukrainian Brown dairy cows]. Visnyk Sumskoho NAU: seriia “Tvarynnytstvo”, issue 7(33), pp. 72-77.
6. Ladyka, V. I. and Khmelnychyi, L. M., 2018. Osoblyvosti fenotypovoi riznomanitnosti koriv za eksteriernym typom v aspekti zberezhennia henofondu buroi khudoby [Features phenotypic diversity cow's conformation type in the aspect of pre-serving the gene pool of Brown cattle]. Visnyk Sumskoho NAU: seriia “Tvarynnytstvo”, issue 2(34), pp. 3–10.
7. Ladyka, V. I., Khmelnychyi, L., Burkat, V. P. and Ruban, Yu. D., 2010. Reiestratsiia ICAR: Dovidnyk [ICAR Registra-tion: Reference book]. Sumy.
8. Ladyka, V., Kotendzhi, H., Rubtsov, I. [et al.]. 2007. Ukrainska bura molochna poroda [Ukrainian Brown dairy breed]. Tvarynnytstvo Ukrainy, no. 2, pp. 37-40.
9. Ladyka, V. I. and Khmelnychyi, L. M., 2007. Pleminnu otsinku – na zahalnoderzhavnyi riven [Pedigree assessment - at national level]. Tvarynnytstvo Ukrainy, no. 2, pp. 10-11.
10. Ladyka, V.I., 2000. Stan ta perspektyvy selektsii buroi khudoby [Status and prospects of breeding Brown cattle]. Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky, issue12, pp. 84–86.
11. Merkur'eva, E. K., 1977. Geneticheskie osnovy selektsii v skotovodstve [Genetic bases of selection in livestock]. Moskva: Kolos.
12. Polupan, Yu. P., 2013. Ontogenetic and breeding regularities formation of economically useful traits of Dairy cattle. Doctor's thesis of Agricultural sciences. Institute of Animals breeding and Genetics NAAS, Chubynske.
13. Polupan, Yu. P. and Koval, T. P., 2006. Zviazok morfolohichnykh osoblyvostei vymia koriv chervonoi molochnoi khudoby z yikhnoiu molochnoiu produktyvnistiu [Relationship between udder morphological features of Red dairy cows and their milk productivity]. Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky, no. 11, pp. 49–52.
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16. Khmelnychyi, L. M. and Vechorka, V. V., 2014. Vikova minlyvist koreliatsii mizh nadoiem ta liniinoiu otsinkoiu typu koriv-pervistok ukrainskykh chorno- ta chervono-riaboi molochnykh porid [Age variability of correlations between milk yield and linear assessment of type cows firstborn of Ukrainian Black- Red-and-White dairy breeds]. Tekhnolohiia vyrobnytstva i pererobky produktiv tvarynnytstva. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats BNAU. Bila Tserkva, no. 1(116), pp. 84-87.
17. Khmelnychyi, L. M. and Vechorka, V. V., 2020. Influence of linear conformation traits on the state of milk productivi-ty cows firstborn of Ukrainian Black- and Red-and-White dairy breeds [Vplyv liniinykh oznak eksterieru na stan molochnoi produktyvnosti koriv-pervistok ukrainskykh chorno-riaboi ta chervono-riaboi molochnykh porid]. Visnyk Sumskoho natsional-noho ahrarnoho universytetu. Seriia «Tvarynnytstvo», issue 1(40), pp. 11-16. doi: https://doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.lvst.2020.1.2
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20. Khmelnychyi, L. M. and Vechorka, V. V., 2015. Tryvalist zhyttia koriv ukrainskoi chorno-riaboi molochnoi porody v zalezhnosti vid rivnia liniinoi otsinky morfolohichnykh oznak vymeni [Lifetime cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed depending on the level of linear assessment of udder morphological traits]. Naukovo-teoretychnyi zbirnyk Zhytomyrskoho natsionalnoho ahroekolohichnoho universytetu, issue 2(52), vol. 3, pp. 57–62.
21. Khmelnychyi, L. M., Vechorka, V. V. and Khmelnychyi, S. L., 2018. Osoblyvosti eksteriernoho typu molochnoi khudoby riznoho pokhodzhennia ta spivvidnosna minlyvist liniinykh oznak z nadoiem koriv holshtynskoi porody [Features of dairy cattle conformation type of different origin and relative variability of linear traits with milk yield of Holstein cows]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn. Mizhvidomchyi tematychnyi naukovyi zbirnyk, issue 56, pp. 77-83.
22. Khmelnychyi, L. M. and Vechorka, V. V., 2020. Phenotypic consolidation of Brown cows by linear traits of confor-mation type [Fenotypova konsolidovanist koriv burykh porid za liniinymy oznakamy eksteriernoho typu]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn. Kyiv, issue 59, pp. 168-174. https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.59.18
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Опубліковано
2020-10-26
Як цитувати
Хмельничий , Л. (2020). Особливості екстер’єрного типу корів бурої худоби сумського регіону оцінених за методикою лінійної класифікації. Вісник Сумського національного аграрного університету. Серія: Тваринництво, (2 (41), 3-11. https://doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.lvst.2020.2.1
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